低剂量无机氮肥与有机栽培黄瓜主要品质比较  

Comparison on the Main Qualities of Cucumber Cultivated With Low Dose Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer and Organic Cultivation

作　　者：王甲辰[1] 陈延华[1] 王学霞 倪小会[1] 吕春玲 WANG Jiachen;CHEN Yanhua;WANG Xuexia;NI Xiaohui;LYU Chunling(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing Research Centre of Slow-Controlled Release Fertilizer Engineering,Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《北方园艺》2020年第11期1-6,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：科技部科技支撑资助项目(2015BAD23B01);北京市农林科学院科技创新资助项目(KJCX20180426,KJCX20190401).

摘　　要：以"北京403"黄瓜为试材,以蚯蚓粪为有机栽培对照,6个低浓度尿素梯度包括0.00、0.60、0.84、1.08、1.32、1.80 g(N)·pot-1为无机氮处理设置了黄瓜控制试验,研究比较有机肥和低剂量尿氮对黄瓜品质以及果实硝酸盐对维生素C和可溶性糖含量的影响,以期探究硝态氮对黄瓜品质的关键作用。结果表明:与CK相比,尿素氮处理的果实硝酸盐均显著降低,其中,硝酸盐含量最高的N4处理降低达40.23%,同时,维生素C含量比N3处理显著降低了23.46%,而所有施尿素处理间的维生素C含量差异不显著。可溶性糖含量呈现CK<N1<N4<N5<N2<N3。与CK相比,N4、N5、N2、N3处理的可溶性糖含量显著增加,其中含量最高的N3处理增加120.47%。上述结果体现了合理施用尿素无机氮处理的黄瓜主要品质指标均优于蚯蚓粪处理。线性相关分析表明,氮素施入量与茎叶、果实硝酸盐及茎叶硝酸盐与果实硝酸盐均存在显著的正相关关系,而果实硝酸盐与维生素C含量呈现显著的负相关关系、维生素C与可溶性糖存在显著正相关关系。由此可见硝态氮是决定黄瓜品质的关键因素,通过调控氮施用可有效提高黄瓜综合品质。该研究为化学氮肥生产高品质蔬菜提供一定的理论和实践基础。In this study,potted cucumber control experiment was set up with earthworm manure as the organic cultivation control and six low concentration urea gradients,including 0.00,0.60,0.84,1.08,1.32,1.80 g(N)·pot-1 as the inorganic nitrogen treatments.In order to compare the effects of organic fertilizer and low dose urine nitrogen on cucumber quality and nitrate on vitamin C and soluble sugar content,and to explore the key role of nitrate nitrogen on cucumber quality.The results showed that compared with CK,nitrate in the fruit treated with urea nitrogen decreased significantly,and the N4 treatment with the highest nitrate content decreased by 40.23%,meanwhile,compared with N3,vitamin C content of cucumber decreased by 23.46%significantly,but there were no significant difference in vitamin C content among all urea treatments.The contents of soluble sugar were CK<N1<N4<N5<N2<N3.Compared with CK,soluble sugar content of N4,N5,N2 and N3 treatments increased significantly,and the maximum increase of N3 was 120.47%.The results above showed that the main qualities indexes of cucumber treated with urea inorganic nitrogen were better than those of earthworm manure treatment.Linear correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen application and nitrate in stem&leaf and fruit,and between nitrate in stem&leaf and nitrate in fruit,while there was a significant negative correlation between nitrate and vitamin C content in fruit,while there was a significant positive correlation between vitamin C and soluble sugar.It was suggested that nitrate nitrogen was the key factor to determine the quality of cucumber.The comprehensive quality of cucumber could be effectively improved by regulating the application of nitrogen.This study provided a certain theoretical and practical basis for the production of high quality vegetables by chemical nitrogen fertilizer.

关 键 词：蚯蚓粪 尿素氮 硝酸盐 维生素C 可溶性糖 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]