不同灌溉量对兰州百合生长发育及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Amount on Growth and Yield of Lanzhou Lily

作　　者：李文美 王亚军[1] 谢忠奎[1] 张玉宝[1] 郭志鸿[1] LI Wenmei;WANG Yajun;XIE Zhongkui;ZHANG Yubao;GUO Zhihong(Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态资源环境研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《北方园艺》2020年第11期54-63,共10页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：甘肃省重大科技专项资助项目(182D2NA010);中国科学院科技服务资助项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-120)。

摘　　要：以兰州百合为试材,采用遮雨棚人工控水方式,研究了在不同灌溉条件下兰州百合的生长形态、脯氨酸、糖含量、产量及水分利用效率的变化。结果表明:随着灌溉量的增加,兰州百合的株高、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、叶片相对含水量、地上部、地下部、产量和水分利用率均增加。在350 mm灌溉量下脯氨酸含量显著上升,在灌溉量为450 mm条件下兰州百合鳞茎中的淀粉含量、海藻糖含量和多糖含量差异显著且含量最高,可溶性糖随着灌溉量的增加而增加。兰州百合鳞茎中葡萄糖的含量随着灌溉量的增大呈现先升高后降低的趋势。在550 mm灌溉量下兰州百合鳞茎中果糖含量最高(2.86 mg·g-1)。灌溉量在550 mm下兰州百合产量(鳞茎质量)显著提高。在350~450 mm灌溉量下兰州百合鳞茎中腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性最高,450 mm灌溉量下蔗糖合成酶活性最低,α-淀粉酶活性在650 mm灌溉量下最高。不同灌溉量下耗水量和水分利用效率依次为650 mm>550 mm>450 mm>350 mm。结合兰州百合在不同灌溉量下的产量(鳞茎质量)、淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量、果糖含量等指标,可知在550 mm的灌溉量下兰州百合的产量和品质均显著提高,因此兰州百合的灌溉量以550 mm最佳。Lanzhou lily was taken as the experimental material and artificial water control method,the morphological indexes were used such as plant height,leaf water content and the changes of proline,soluble sugar,trehalose and other sugar contents of Lanzhou lily under different irrigation conditions were studied.The results showed that the plant height,chlorophyll content(SPAD value),leaf relative water content,aboveground part,underground part and yield(bulb weight)of Lanzhou lily were increased with the increase of irrigation amount.The proline content in bulb was increased under 350 mm irrigation,with the increase of irrigation amount of starch content in the leaves of Lanzhou lily increased gradually,and starch content in bulb showed a trend of rise after the fall of the first.In addition,the proline content in bulb of Lanzhou lily was higher than that in leaf.The polysaccharide content in Lanzhou lily leaves showed significant difference and the highest content under the condition of 450 mm irrigation amount,while the polysaccharide content of bulb showed a trend of increase with the increased of irrigation amount.The trehalose content in bulb was the highest under 450 mm irrigation amount,and soluble sugar increased with the increased of irrigation amount.This indicated that proline,sucrose and trehalose had important osmotic regulation effects on Lanzhou lily under water stress.They jointly regulated cell osmotic potential and enhanced drought resistance of Lanzhou lily.The yield(bulb weight)was significantly increased under 550 mm irrigation amount.With the increase of irrigation amount,the water consumption and water use efficiency were 650 mm>550 mm>450 mm>350 mm.This indicated that the irrigation amount of 550-650 mm was conducive to improving the water utilization efficiency and promoting the effective utilization of water resources of Lanzhou lily.Combined with the yield,starch content,soluble sugar and other indexes of Lanzhou lily under different irrigation amounts,it could be known that the irrigation am

关 键 词：不同灌溉量 叶片含水量 糖含量 渗透调节 兰州百合 

分 类 号：S644.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]