人工围堰与互花米草扩张下盐城海滨湿地景观变化的生态效应  

Ecological Effects of Landscape Changes Under Artificial Cofferdam and Spartina alterniflora Expansion in Yancheng Coastal Wetland

作　　者：韩爽 张华兵 徐颖彤 张亚楠 刘玉卿 HAN Shuang;ZHANG Huabing;XU Yingtong;ZHANG Yanan;LIU Yuqing(School of Urbanand Planning,Yancheng Teachers University,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224007;Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre for Yancheng Coastal Wetland,Yellow Sea,China,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224057;Administrative Office of Jiangsu Yancheng National Nature Reserve•Rare Birds,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224057)

机构地区：[1]盐城师范学院城市与规划学院,江苏盐城224007 [2]中国黄海盐城海滨湿地生态环境监测中心,江苏盐城224057 [3]盐城湿地珍禽自然保护区管理处,江苏盐城224057

出　　处：《北方园艺》2020年第11期76-82,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41771199,41501567);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20171277);江苏省教育厅自然科学研究资助项目(18KJD170001);江苏高校“青蓝工程”资助项目。

摘　　要：为分析海滨湿地景观变化的生态效应,在江苏盐城海滨湿地选择典型区域,以1997、2007、2014年遥感影像为数据源,运用景观生态安全指数与景观转变强度指数,比较人工围堰和互花米草扩张下海滨湿地景观变化的生态效应,以期辨识不同驱动对滨海湿地影响的差异。结果表明:景观变化上,1997-2014年,人工围堰区,耕地、养殖池面积在增加,互花米草沼泽面积在持续减少;景观格局演变呈现从陆到海的单向特征。互花米草扩张区,养殖池、芦苇沼泽、互花米草沼泽面积在持续增加;碱蓬沼泽面积在减少;景观格局演变表现出明显双向特征。生态安全总体上处于中等水平,互花米草扩张区的生态安全指数高于人工围堰区;人工围堰区呈现先增加后降低的波动,而互花米草扩张区却持续下降。1997-2007年、2007-2014年、1997-2014年3个时期景观转变强度指数均是负值,生态安全等级呈下降状态。1997-2007年、2007-2014年2个时期的生态等级变化幅度,人工围堰区先小后大,而互花米草扩张区则先大后小。研究表明,人工围堰与互花米草扩张改变了盐城海滨湿地原生景观演变序列,致使生态等级指数降低,区域生态安全面临威胁。In order to analyze the ecological effects of landscape changes,the typical areas were selected in Yancheng coastal wetland of China.Based on remote sensing images in 1997,2007 and 2014,the ecological effects of landscape changes under artificial cofferdam and Spartina alterniflora expansion were compared to identify the impact of different drivers in the coastal wetland.The results showed that,firstly,in the artificial cofferdam area,cultivated land and aquaculture pond increased,Spartina alterniflora marsh decreased.The evolution of landscape pattern presented a one-way feature from land to sea.In the expansion area of Spartina alterniflora,aquaculture pond,Phragmites marsh and Spartina alterniflora marsh increased,Suaeda salsa marsh decreased.The evolution of landscape pattern showed obvious two-way characteristics.Secondly,the ecological securities were at a medium level overall.The landscape ecological security of the Spartina alterniflora expansion area was higher than that of the artificial cofferdam area,which showed fluctuation of increasing first and then decreasing in the artificial cofferdam area,while continued to decline in the Spartina alterniflora expansion area.Thirdly,the landscape transformation intensity indexes in 1997—2007,2007—2014 and1997—2014 were both negative in the artificial cofferdam areas and the Spartina alterniflora expansion,which indicated the ecological grades became worse.The changes of ecological grade in the artificial cofferdam area was first big and then small,that in the Spartina alterniflora expansion area was small first and big later.The results showed that the artificial cofferdam and Spartina alterniflora expansion had changed the original landscape evolution sequence of Yancheng coastal wetland,resulting in the reduction of ecological grade index and threatening the regional ecological security.

关 键 词：景观变化 生态安全 景观转变强度 盐城海滨湿地 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]