不同灌水定额对成龄核桃耗水量及水分利用效率的影响  

Research on the Water Consumption and Yield Effect of the Matured Walnut under Drip Irrigation in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：刘新华 虎胆·吐马尔白[2] 米力夏提·米那多拉 焦萍 LIU Xin-hua;Hudan Tumarbay;Milixiati Minadola;JIAO Ping(Aksu Authority of the Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang, Aksu 843000, Xinjiang, China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆塔里木河流域阿克苏管理局,新疆阿克苏843000 [2]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2020年第7期154-157,162,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：阿克苏河流域平原灌区典型作物需水量研究项目(TGJAKSJJG-2019KYXM0001);河海大学国家重点实验室基金(2016490511)。

摘　　要：为探究滴灌条件下不同灌水定额对成龄核桃耗水规律及植株生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响,并确定适宜的灌水定额,试验以10 a生成龄核桃为研究对象,设置3种灌水定额(375、450、525 m3/hm2)作为处理开展田间试验研究。结果表明:核桃树新梢长度与果实横、纵径大小均随灌水定额的增加而增大,耗水量则随生育期的推移逐渐增大。在硬核期和油脂转化期,核桃的蒸发蒸腾量达到峰值,耗水量也达到全生育期最高,3个处理这两个生育期的耗水模数之和分别达到66.52%,70.25%,72.00%。不同灌水处理下核桃的Kc整体上均呈单峰曲线变化,成龄核桃单日ET0从开花结果期至油脂转化期整体呈抛物线特征。综合分析试验结果,认为灌水定额为450 m3/hm2的处理2为最优处理,适合在实际生产灌溉中推广应用。In order to explore the effects of different irrigation quotas on the water consumption,plant growth,yield and water use efficiency of mature walnuts under drip irrigation conditions,and determine the appropriate irrigation quota,this experiment uses the walnut of 10 years old as the research object.Three kinds of irrigation quotas(375,450,525 m3/hm2)are set as the treatment to carry out field trial research.The results indicate that:the length of new shoots and the size of transverse and longitudinal diameter of fruit of walnut tree increase with the increase in irrigation quota,water consumption increases gradually with the development of growth period.In the hard core period and oil conversion period,the evapotranspiration of walnut reaches its peak,water consumption also reached the highest in the whole growth period,the sum of the water consumption modules of the three treatments during these two growth periods reaches 66.52%,70.25%,and 72.00%,respectively.The Kc of walnut showed a single peak curve under different irrigation treatment,the single day ET0 of mature walnut showed parabolic characteristics from flowering and fruiting stage to oil transformation stage.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the test results,it can be concluded that the treatment with irrigation quota of 450 m3/hm2 is the best treatment,which is suitable for popularization and application in actual production irrigation.

关 键 词：成龄核桃 灌水定额 耗水量 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]