反刍动物瘤胃发育规律及其调控机制研究进展  

Research Progress of Rumen Development and Its Regulation Mechanism of Ruminants

作　　者：李晓彤 杨凯 张瑞阳 丛玉艳[1] LI Xiaotong;YANG Kai;ZHANG Ruiyang;CONG Yuyan(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学畜牧兽医学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2020年第7期2055-2062,共8页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：辽宁省高等学校基本科研项目(LSNQN201706);沈阳农业大学引进人才科研启动项目(880416010)。

摘　　要：瘤胃是反刍动物至关重要的消化吸收器官,部分降解的营养物质可直接通过瘤胃上皮被机体吸收和利用。因此,瘤胃的发育程度与反刍动物的生产性能密切相关,而瘤胃发育充分且功能健全是反刍动物最佳生产性能得以发挥的前提条件。然而,幼龄反刍动物瘤胃的生理结构及其功能均发育不完善,需在固体饲料、断母乳等外界刺激下完成经由非反刍阶段向反刍阶段转变的复杂过程,进而才可发挥其重要功能。目前,如何掌握并遵循瘤胃的发育规律,在保证瘤胃充分发育且功能完善的情况下,对幼龄反刍动物实施早期断奶技术,已成为现代反刍动物养殖生产中亟需解决的问题之一。作者就反刍动物瘤胃发育进程中瘤胃微生物菌群的时空演变、瘤胃组织形态学发育和代谢改变及瘤胃发育调控机制进行综述,由生理结构至功能逐层对反刍动物瘤胃的发育规律进行全面总结,阐明影响反刍动物瘤胃发育的相关因素及其可能的调控机制。本文旨在进一步丰富与瘤胃发育相关的理论基础,以期为利用瘤胃发育规律开发促进反刍动物瘤胃发育的营养调控策略提供科学支撑,为挖掘幼龄反刍动物的生产潜力提供新思路。In ruminants,the rumen is an important digestive and absorptive organ,and a certain amount of degraded nutrients can be directly absorbed across the rumen epithelium and then utilized by the host.Therefore,the development degree of rumen is closely related to the production performance of ruminants,and the well-developed rumen of young ruminants is essential for the optimal performance in adulthood.However,to perform its normal functions,the undeveloped rumen requires a complex transformation process from the non-ruminant phase to the ruminant phase through the extra stimulation,such as solid feed and weaning.At present,how to utilize the developmental pattern of the rumen to conduct the early weaning of young ruminants and concurrently ensure the well-development of the rumen have become one of the urgent problems in the modern ruminant industry.In this paper.The authors summarized the research progress on the evolution of rumen microbiota,rumen histomorphology and metabolic development and its regulation mechanism.Moreover,the authors comprehensively summarized the development rules of rumen from the physiological structure to the function,and clarified the related factors affecting the rumen development and the possible regulation mechanism.This paper aimed to further enrich the theoretical basis related to rumen development,provide theoretical reference for developing nutritional strategies that promote rumen development and tapping the production potential of young ruminants.

关 键 词：瘤胃发育 微生物菌群演变 细胞增殖 生酮作用 

分 类 号：Q493.99[生物学—生理学]