深圳湾水质时空分布特征及污染源解析  

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of water quality in Shenzhen Bay and pollution source analysis

作　　者：梁志宏 陈秀洪 罗欢 吴琼 李木桂 LIANG Zhihong;CHEN Xiuhong;LUO Huan;WU Qiong;LI Mugui(The Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Guangzhou 510635,China)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广东广州510635

出　　处：《水资源保护》2020年第4期93-99,共7页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：深圳市水务科技创新项目(深水务[2017]27号);广东省重点领域研发计划(2019B110205004);国家自然科学基金(51679252)。

摘　　要：基于深圳湾、珠江口、水质净化厂尾水、面源与截排溢流水体等水质数据,系统分析深圳湾水质时空分布特征及其污染物来源。结果表明:深圳湾现状水质不达标,关键污染因子为无机氮(DIN)和活性磷酸盐(DIP);雨季水质普遍劣于旱季,内湾水质明显劣于外湾。污染物入湾途径包括:6个入湾河口(后海河、大沙河、小沙河、凤塘河、新洲河、深圳河)、1个污水排放口(福田水质净化厂尾水排放口)、34个雨水排放口和深圳湾湾口。经过旱季污水收集、尾水提标改造等水环境治理措施后,深圳湾主要污染源为面源与截排溢流污染,其入湾氮、磷营养盐浓度可达地表水V类标准,是深圳湾现状水质的5~15倍,雨季面源与截排溢流水体的氮、磷入湾总负荷达到76.2 t和283.8 t,将对已无氮磷营养盐剩余容量的深圳湾水质造成严重冲击。Based on the water quality data of Shenzhen Bay, Pearl River Estuary, tail water of water purification plant, non-point source and interception and drainage overflow water in the study area, the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of water quality and pollutant sources in Shenzhen Bay are systematically analyzed. Results show that the current water quality of Shenzhen Bay is not up to standard, and the key pollution factors are inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and active phosphate(DIP). The water quality in rainy seasons is generally inferior to that in dry seasons, and the water quality in the inner bay is obviously inferior to that in the outer bay. The approaches of pollutants entering Shenzhen Bay include: 6 estuaries(Houhai River, Dasha River, Xiaosha River, Fengtang River, Xinzhou River, Shenzhen River), 1 sewage outlet(tail water outlet of Futian water purification plant), 34 rainwater outlets and Shenzhen Bay outlet. After water environment treatment measures such as wastewater collection in dry season and tailwater upgrading, the main pollution sources of Shenzhen Bay are non-point source and interception and drainage overflow pollution. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the bay can reach the class V of national standard of surface water, which is 5~15 times of the current water quality of Shenzhen Bay. In the rainy season, the total load of nitrogen and phosphorus from non-point sources and intercepted and discharged overflow pollution reaches 76.2 t and 283.8 t. This has a serious impact on the water quality of Shenzhen Bay, which has no residual capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.

关 键 词：水质 时空分布特征 污染源解析 面源 截排溢流污染 深圳湾 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]