唐代洛阳宫城三朝建筑布局检讨——兼论其对五代及北宋宫城之影响  

A Review of the Architectural Layout of the“Three Courts”of Luoyang Palace City in the Tang Dynasty and a Discussion of Its Influence on the Palace Cities of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：贾鸿源 Jia Hongyuan

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学历史文化学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《史学月刊》2020年第7期39-50,共12页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：唐代洛阳宫城,太宗、高宗时期,在隋朝的基础上,更加注重中轴线上三朝建筑群(即应天门、乾元殿、贞观殿)的营造。武则天时期,因出临外朝之需要,宫城西侧的武成殿政治功能凸显;而天堂建筑的隳废,不仅消解了太宗、高宗时期对于“三朝”的建设成果,且最终促成武成殿正衙地位的确立。及至唐末迁都洛阳,以武成殿及其北侧崇勋殿为核心的政治运作轴线确立,宫城内部正式演化出中、西二轴,以含元、武成、崇勋三殿构成的三朝建筑呈“L”形布局。因旧都长安已遭隳废,洛阳宫室制度于唐祚之标志性意义渐显,故五代及北宋初年之洛阳宫城皆因袭唐末之模式。而北宋东京之开封宫城,因摹写西京洛阳宫城,三朝建筑也呈现“L”形布局。During the reigns of Taizong and Gaozong of Tang,based on the style of the Sui dynasty,the palace city of Luoyang attached more importance to the construction of the“three courts”building complex,namely Yingtian Gate,Qianyuan Palace and Zhenguan Palace,which lied on the central axis.In the era of Wu Zetian,the political function of Wucheng Palace located on the west side of the palace city became more prominent since it met the Empress’need of going to the Outer Court.In contrast,the desolation of the Heaven Building not only dissolved the construction achievement of the“three courts”during the reigns of Taizong and Gaozong,but also facilitated the establishment of the pivotal status of Wucheng Palace.When the capital was moved to Luoyang in the late Tang dynasty,the axis of political operation with Wucheng Palace and Chongxun Palace to its north as its nucleus had been established.As a result,the central axis and the western axis evolved within the palace city and the L-shape layout of the“three courts”which were composed of Hanyuan Palace,Wucheng Palace and Chongxun Palace came into being.Given that the old capital Changan had been destroyed,the iconic significance of the palace system of Luoyang for the national fate of the Tang dynasty became gradually prominent.Therefore,the palace cities of Luoyang in the Five Dynasties and the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty both followed the construction mode of Luoyang palace city in the late Tang dynasty.While in the Northern Song Dynasty,imitating the palace city of its western capital Luoyang,the“three courts”of the palace city of its eastern capital Kaifeng also displayed the L-shape layout.

关 键 词：唐代 洛阳宫城 三朝建筑 五代 宋初 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]