试论简牍所见秦对边缘地区的管辖  

A Study of the Jurisdiction of Qin over the Marginal Areas Based on the Records of Bamboo Slips

作　　者：张韶光[1] Zhang Shaoguang

机构地区：[1]吉林大学古籍研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《史学月刊》2020年第8期13-24,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目“岳麓秦简所见诉讼史料的整理与研究”(101832018C102)。

摘　　要：秦实行"关中本位"制度,以中县道为统治中心,新地、故徼地区以及徼中普通县道等边缘地区与中县道之间的人口往来受到一定限制。同时,秦在不受重视的边缘地区也实行了区别对待的政策,且区分十分细密。具体而言,秦不但将新地纳入全国统一管辖,而且鉴于新地入秦时间短、反秦情绪强烈,对新地吏与新黔首实施了保障权益、减轻处罚、减免义务等优待措施,以强化对新地的统治。故徼虽然已经不是秦的边徼,但秦仍以非法越过故徼作为认定"邦亡"的依据,并对故徼地区实行了强化惩罚力度等较新地、徼中普通县道而言更为严苛的统治措施。秦对这些边缘地区的统治,正是针对先秦以来形成的、从中央到地方重要性递减的"圈层化"模式,做出的符合实际情况的政策调整。Qin implemented the system of"Guanzhong standard"(关中本位),with"Zhongxiandao"(中县道)as its ruling center and"Xindi"(新地),"Gujiao"(故徼)area,as well as common"Jiaozhongxiandao"(徼中县道)as the marginal areas.The population exchange between these areas and"Zhongxiandao"was subject to certain restrictions.At the same time,Qin carried out the policy of differential treatment in the unvalued marginal areas.Specifically speaking,Qin not only brought"Xindi"under the unified jurisdiction of the central government,but also,in view of the short time of its being annexed into Qin and the strong anti-Qin sentiment,implemented preferential measures to protect the rights of"Xindi"officials and people,such as alleviation of punishment and reduction of obligations,so as to strengthen Qin’s rule over"Xindi".Although"Gujiao"was no longer the border district of Qin,Qin still regarded illegal transgressing of"Gujiao"as the basis for determining the perish of the nation,and imposed more severe punishment on"Gujiao"area than"Xindi"and common"Jiaozhongxiandao".Qin’s rule over these marginal areas was an adjustment to the"Quanceng"(圈层)mode of the decreasing importance from the central to the local,which had formed since the pre-Qin period.

关 键 词：关中本位 新地 故徼 中县道 

分 类 号：K233[历史地理—历史学]