圆柏大痣小蜂在西藏昌都地区的危害及生物学特性  

Harm and biological characteristics of Megastigmus sabinae in Qamdo,Tibet

作　　者：徐磊 赵建燕 赵塘颉 吴培福[4] 潘涌智[4] 熊忠平[4] XU Lei(Forest Inventory and Planning Institute of Tibet Autonomous,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区林业调查规划研究院,西藏拉萨850000 [2]昆明市东川区林业局,云南昆明654100 [3]文山州林业科学研究所,云南文山663300 [4]西南林业大学云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2020年第4期27-29,共3页Forest Pest and Disease

摘　　要：圆柏大痣小蜂Megastigmus sabinae的寄主是西藏及邻近地区水土保持和水源涵养的重要树种,其危害将严重影响相关树种的天然更新和优质种质资源的提供。通过野外调查和室内饲养首次研究圆柏大痣小蜂在西藏昌都地区的发生危害和生物学特性。结果显示:所有调查区域的大果圆柏Juniperus tibetica种实均受到圆柏大痣小蜂的危害,该蜂为西藏昌都市大果圆柏的主要种实害虫,其种实危害率达17%~20%;其在昌都市1 a发生1代,以幼虫在种实内越冬,幼虫期长达9~10个月;5月中旬开始羽化,5月下旬为羽化盛期;其雄虫寿命3~6 d,雌虫寿命3~7 d,补充清水或糖水可延长成虫存活时间。研究结果将为该虫的长期监测和深入研究提供基础资料。The hosts of Megastimus sabinae are important tree species for soil and water conservation in Tibet and its neighboring areas.Its harm will seriously affect the natural regeneration of related tree species and the provision of high-quality seeds resources.Through field investigations and indoor breeding,the occurrence and biological characteristics of M.sabinae in Qamdo,Tibet were firstly studied.The results showed that Juniperus tibetica were endangered by the larvae of M.sabinae in all surveyed areas,which were the main species of pests against J.tibetica in Qamdo,Tibet,with seed damage rate of 17%-20%.M.sabinae has one generation a year in Qamdo,and the larvae overwintered in the seeds.The larval period was as long as 9-10 months.Adults began to emerge in mid-May,and the late-May was the peak period of emergence.Its male lifetime was 3-6 days,and females lived 3-7 days.The survival time of adults could be prolonged supplemented with water or sugar water.The research results will provide basic data for long-term monitoring and in-depth study of M.sabinae.

关 键 词：圆柏大痣小蜂 昌都市 大果圆柏 生活史 种实受害率 

分 类 号：S763.43[农业科学—森林保护学]