不同管理措施对高寒草甸群落结构和披针叶黄华空间分布格局的影响  

Effect of Different Restoration Measures on the Spatial Pattern of Thermopsis lanceolata and Plant Community in Alpine Meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：韩冰[1] 武瑞鑫[2] 张慧[1] 董全民 吕进英[1] 邵新庆[1,4] HAN Bing;WU Rui-xin;ZHANG Hui;DONG Quan-min;LV Jin-ying;SHAO Xin-qing(College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance Research, Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, Hebei Province 053000, China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000 [3]青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [4]青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《草地学报》2020年第4期1083-1089,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：青海省重大科技专项(2018-NK-A2);高寒草地-家畜系统适应性管理技术平台(2020-ZJ-T07)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以青藏高原高寒草甸的披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolata)为研究对象,比较了放牧(GT)、围封(FT)和“围封+施肥+划破+补播”综合管理(CT)3种管理措施对披针叶黄华空间分布格局和植物群落结构的影响。结果表明,CT处理的披针叶黄华重要值低于FT和GT处理;CT处理的香农指数和均匀度指数显著高于FT和GT处理(P<0.05);FT和CT处理的披针叶黄华株数显著少于GT处理(P<0.05);在CT和FT处理中披针叶黄华空间分布格局表现为聚集分布(0~10 m尺度);而GT处理中披针叶黄华种群表现为聚集分布(0~6.5 m尺度)、随机分布(6.5~7.5 m尺度)和均匀分布(7.5~10 m尺度)。综上所述,在高寒草甸应采取“围封+施肥+划破+补播”综合措施防控披针叶黄华的爆发,促进毒杂草型退化草地的恢复。Research on plant community and Thermopsis lanceolate with three grassland management measures(grazing,fencing and comprehensive cultivations)were carried out to compare the important value,grassland species diversity and spatial pattern,and provide the treatment techniques for poisonous weeds degraded grassland.In this study,CT and FT could decrease the important value of Thermopsis lanceolate.The Shannon’s index and Pielou index of CT were significantly higher than those of FT and GT(P<0.05).Compared with GT,FT and CT significantly decreased the number of Thermopsis lanceolate(P<0.05).In the CT and FT,the spatial patterns of Thermopsis lanceolate were aggregated at 0~10 m scales.However,the spatial patterns of Thermopsis lanceolate changed on the different scale under GT.The spatial patterns were aggregated at 0~6.5 m scale and subsequently random or regular at 6.5~7.5 m and 7.5~10 m scales.The comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control the outbreak of Thermopsis lanceolate,so as to promote the recovery of the degraded grassland with poisonous weeds in alpine meadow.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 披针叶黄华 管理措施 空间分布格局 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]