养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原植物群落物种多样性和生物量的影响  

Effects of Nutrient Addition and Precipitation Manipulation on Plant Species Diversity and Biomass of in a Desert Grassland

作　　者：杜忠毓 安慧[1] 王波 文志林 张雅柔 吴秀芝 李巧玲 DU Zhong-yu;AN Hui;WANG Bo;WEN Zhi-lin;ZHANG Ya-rou;WU Xiu-zhi;LI Qiao-ling(Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750021, China;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750021, China;Grassland Experiment Station of Yanchi, Yanchi, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 751506, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地/西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]盐池县草原实验站,宁夏盐池751506

出　　处：《草地学报》2020年第4期1100-1110,共11页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960244);宁夏回族自治区西部一流学科项目(NXYLXK2017B06)资助。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨荒漠草原植物群落物种多样性及生物量对养分添加和降水变化的适应策略,以期为退化荒漠草原的恢复和管理提供理论基础。本试验在宁夏荒漠草原开展了养分添加和降水变化野外控制试验,通过测定植物群落物种数及生物量,研究养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原植物群落物种多样性和生物量的影响。结果表明:养分添加显著降低禾草丰富度(P<0.05);减少50%降水显著降低Shannon-Wiener指数和物种总丰富度,增加50%降水显著增加物种总丰富度(20.5%~28.2%)(P<0.05);养分添加和增加50%降水显著提高植物群落盖度和生物量(P<0.05);减少50%降水条件下,养分添加处理与不添加处理相比植物群落地上生物量显著提高(54.3%~75.6%)(P<0.05);植物群落地上生物量与Shannon-Wiener指数和物种总丰富度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究表明:减少50%降水条件下,养分添加能够缓解水分对荒漠草原植物生长的限制,其中氮磷钾添加缓解效果优于氮添加。This study aims to discuss the adaptation strategies of plant community species diversity and productivity to nutrient addition and precipitation manipulation in desert grassland.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration and management of degraded desert grasslands.Field experiments were conducted in desert grassland of Ningxia,species number and plant biomass of plant community were determined.The effects of nutrient addition and precipitation manipulation on species diversity and biomass of plant community in desert grassland were studied.Results showed that the grasses richness were significantly decreased by nutrient addition(P<0.05).The Shannon-Wiener index and species total richness were significantly decreased by reducing 50%precipitation,the species total richness significantly increased by increasing 50%precipitation(20.5%~28.2%)(P<0.05).The plant community coverage and biomass were significantly increased by nutrient addition and increasing 50%precipitation(P<0.05).With 50%precipitation reduction,the plant community aboveground biomass was significantly increased by nutrient addition(54.3%~75.6%)(P<0.05).There was significantly positive correlation between aboveground biomass and Shannon-Wiener index and species total richness(P<0.05).The results indicated that with 50%precipitation reduction,nutrient addition could alleviate the moisture limitation and stimulate plant growth of desert grassland,and NPK addition was better than N addition only.

关 键 词：养分添加 降水变化 荒漠草原 植物物种多样性 生物量 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]