某型号风机叶轮服役可靠性焊接工艺优化  

Welding process improvement of a certain type of fan impeller in service reliability

作　　者：单龙 付雷 孙进[1] 卢长煜 方洪渊 Shan Long;Fu Lei;Sun Jin;Lu Changyu;Fang Hongyuan(Xuzhou XCMG Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xuzhou 221001,Jiangsu,China;Harbin Institute of Technology,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州徐工环境技术有限公司,江苏徐州221001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学,先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《焊接》2020年第2期10-15,23,I0015,共8页Welding & Joining

基　　金：江苏省333工程科研项目(BRA2018271)。

摘　　要：为提升某型号离心箱式铝合金风机叶轮的焊接结构在服役过程中的可靠性,根据该型号风机叶轮的工作载荷计算了构件中焊道所需临界尺寸。通过有限元模拟仿真,分析了不同焊接规范所产生的焊接残余应力差异及对承载能力的影响。对比不同的焊接规范,定性分析了焊道热裂纹与焊根未焊透对构件承载能力的不利影响,选出了对结构承载能力损失相对较小的焊接工艺规范;双向焊接的焊接残余应力与工作载荷的叠加效应比单向焊接更弱,因而更利于构件的承载能力;焊根未焊透缺陷处于内侧焊道比处于外侧焊道对承载能力更为有利;焊道热裂纹缺陷在外侧焊道比在内侧焊道对承载能力的弱化作用更小。综合考虑焊接残余应力与焊接缺陷对构件承载能力的影响,给出了服役更为可靠的焊接工艺规范。To improve the service reliability of the welded structure of a certain type of centrifugal aluminum alloy fan impeller,the critical length of the bead was checked based on the working load of the fan impeller.The differences in welding residual stresses produced by different welding procedure specification and their effects on the bearing capacity of the welded structure were analyzed by finite element simulation calculations.Comparing different welding procedure specification,qualitative analysis of negative influence of hot crack of bead and incomplete penetration of weld root on the bearing of the component,and a welding procedure specification with relatively small loss of the bearing capacity of the component was selected.The superposition effect of welding residual stress and working load in two-way welding was weaker than one-way welding,so it was more conducive to structural load bearing.Incomplete penetration of weld root in the inner bead were more favorable for loading than that in the outer bead.Hot cracks of weld bead in the outer bead weakened the structural load-bearing capacity less than that in the inner bead.Considering the influence of welding residual stress and welding defects on the bearing capacity of components,a more reliable welding process specification was given.

关 键 词：铝合金叶轮 焊接应力 焊接缺陷 有限元计算 服役可靠性 

分 类 号：TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接]