晚播增密对棉花群体光合及干物质积累与分配的影响  

The Effects of Increased-Density on Canopy Apparent Photosynthesis,Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Cotton under Late-Sown Condition

作　　者：李慧 万华龙 田立文[2] 刘连涛[1] 张永江[1] 白志英 张科 王国平[3] 孙红春[1] 李存东[1] Li Hui;Wan Hualong;Tian Liwen;Liu Liantao;Zhang Yongjiang;Bai Zhiying;Zhang Ke;Wang Guoping;Sun Hongchun;Li Cundong(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;Institute of Industrial Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang,Henan 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院/省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071001 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2020年第4期339-347,共9页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0100306,2017YFD0201900);国家自然科学基金(31871569,31171495);河北省农业技术现代体系(HBCT2018040201);河北省农业科技成果转化资金项目(20826415D)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究晚播条件下不同高密度棉花群体光合速率、叶面积指数和干物质积累与分配特点,旨在探索黄河流域冀中植棉区棉花晚播适宜的密度。【方法】于2017年和2018年进行大田试验,设置2个密度处理:9.0万株·hm^-2(D1)和12.0万株·hm^-2(D2)。2017年以农大601和国欣棉9号为材料,2018年供试品种为农大601。研究不同高密度对棉花群体光合特性及产量构成的影响。【结果】在棉花快速生长时期,D2密度的叶面积指数显著高于D1,可见较高密度在棉花旺盛生长阶段易创建较大的冠层结构,但过高的叶面积指数导致群体郁闭,不利于群体光合性能提高,尽管D2群体总干物质及营养器官干物质积累较多,但较强营养生长势制约了生殖生长,导致生殖器官养分分配比例降低;增加密度对铃重及衣分没有影响,可能因为年际间气候因素影响,其他产量构成因素2年结果不尽一致。【结论】在该地区适宜晚播条件下,D1更有利于构建合理的棉花群体结构,易达到稳产;而D2有获得高产的潜力,在提高群体干物质总量的基础上,进一步通过化控技术改善群体器官间养分分配,提高经济系数可获得更好产量。[Objective]The effects of high planting densities on canopy apparent photosynthesis,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and distribution features of cotton were studied,with purpose to elucidate the suitable density for late cotton-sown system in the Yellow River cultivation region.[Method]Field experiments including two planting density treatments(D1 of 9.0×10^4 plant·hm^-2 and D2 of 12.0×10^4 plant·hm^-2)were conducted during the 2017 and 2018 growth seasons,using cultivars Nongda 601(ND-601)and Guoxin Cotton 9(GX-9)in 2017 and Nongda 601 in 2018 as the materials.The effects of densities on photosynthetic characteristics and yield components were investigated.[Result]At fast growth stage,the leaf area index under D2 was significantly higher than that of D1,which sustained longer peak duration under the former condition.These results suggested that higher density can promote the generation of enlarged canopy structure at vigorous growth stage.However,much intensified leaf area index resulted in population shading and reduced canopy apparent photosynthesis.Although D2 treatment was shown to benefit the biomass accumulation of the population plants and the vegetative organs.But the enhanced vegetative growth led to restriction on the reproductive tissue,which resulted in lowered nutrient distribution to reproductive organ;the increase of density was no significant difference on boll weight and lint percentage.Perhaps because of the interannual climate variation,the results of other yield components obtained across the two growth seasons were inconsistent with each other.[Conclusion]Under the suitable conditions,D1 treatment is beneficial to establish the reasonable population structure and to achieve stable yield.In contrast,the D2 treatment has the potential to achieve higher yield.Our results suggested that D2 together with adoption of chemical control technology can help high-yielding cultivation,through increasing population dry matter amount,improving nutrient distribution across organs,and elevating

关 键 词：棉花 密度 群体光合特性 干物质积累与分配 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]