农民职业分化、经营规模与农地生产效率——基于县域数据的验证  

Farmers′Professional Differentiation,Scale of Operation and Efficiency of Agricultural Land Production

作　　者：陈中伟[1] Chen Zhongwei(School of Economics,Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics,Henan Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院经济学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河北经贸大学学报》2020年第4期72-79,共8页Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“空间异质视角下农民职业分化与农地适度规模经营耦合发展研究”(17BJY088);河南省青年骨干教师项目资助(2018GGJS112)。

摘　　要：由全国第三次农业普查数据可知,随着农民职业分化导致劳均农地经营规模增加,但我国仍以小农户兼业经营农地为主,经营方式仍以传统经营为主。利用县域数据验证农民职业分化、农地经营规模对农地生产效率的影响,得到以下结论:农民职业分化的广度对农地全要素生产率的影响呈“U”型,当前非农比例增加有利于农地全要素生产率的提高;农民职业分化的深度与农地全要素生产率、亩均产出和劳均产出均呈负相关,农民家庭非农收入比重越高农地经营越被忽视;劳均农地经营规模增加,有利于农地全要素生产率和劳均产出水平提高,但不利于亩均产出水平提高。加之考虑平原、山地、丘陵等农地异质性,进而得出相比平原地区,山区、丘陵地区农民职业分化深度(兼业程度)对亩均产出、劳均产出的负作用更大;山地、丘陵地貌下农地经营规模扩大造成亩均产出水平降低的作用更明显,导致劳均产出水平提高程度低于平原地区。According to data of the third agricultural census in China,with the increase of the scale of agricultural land management in the farmer′s occupational differentiation,the small holders are still the main operators of agricultural land,and the management methods are still the traditional ones.Using county data to verify the influence of farmer′s occupational differentiation and scale of agricultural land management on agricultural land production efficiency,it is concluded that the breadth of peasant′s occupational differentiation has a"U"effect on the total factor productivity of agricultural land.At present,the increase of non-farm ratio is beneficial to the increase of total factor productivity of agricultural land.The depth of farmer′s occupation differentiation is negatively related to the total factor productivity,the average output level of per acre and single labor force.The higher the proportion of non-farm income of farmers′families,the more they are neglected.The increase in the scale of agricultural land operation is conducive to the increase of total factor productivity of agricultural land and the average output level of labor,but it is not conducive to the improvement of average output level per acre.Then,considering the heterogeneity of agricultural land such as plains,mountains,and hills,it is further verified that the depth of occupational differentiation of farmers in mountainous and hilly areas has a greater negative effect on the output of per acre and labor in both areas than in plain areas.Under the mountainous and hilly land forms,the effect of increasing the scale management of agricultural land on the average yield level per acre is more obvious,resulting in an increase in the output level of labor is lower than that of the plains.

关 键 词：农民职业分化 农地全要素生产率 农地经营规模 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]