中国林业70年变迁及其驱动机制研究——以木材生产为基本视角  

The 70 Years' Transition and Driving Mechanism of China's Forestry:With the Timber Production as the Basic Viewpoint

作　　者：杨超[1] 张露露 程宝栋[1] YANG Chao;ZHANG Lulu;CHENG Baodong

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2020年第6期30-42,共13页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国木材加工业转移粘性、集聚与产业升级研究”(编号:71873016);国家自然科学基金青年项目“经济全球化对森林转型的影响机制研究:以发展中国家为例”(编号:71603023)。

摘　　要：本文以木材生产为基本视角对新中国成立以来的林业发展进行了回顾与梳理。首先,分析了产量特征及其生产的空间分布特征;其次,根据产量和空间特征将木材生产划分为三个阶段,即经济驱动阶段(1949—1978年)、经济为主兼顾生态阶段(1978—1998年)、生态驱动阶段(1998年至今);再次,从不同时期的林业定位、产品需求结构、生产组织形式、科研试验工作几个角度揭示木材产量变化背后的驱动因素;最后,本文认为林业所提供的生态服务与经济产品并不是非此即彼的关系,中国未来将实现林业生态-经济双轮驱动,木材成为生态服务过程中的副产品,从而形成生态与经济的良性循环。This paper reviews the forestry development since 1949 from the perspective of timber production.First,the characteristics of timber yield and spatial distribution are analyzed.Then,we divide the transition of timber production into three stages based on the characteristics of timber yield and spatial distribution:economy-driven stage(1949-1978),economy-driven complemented by ecology-driven stage(1978-1998)and ecology-driven stage(1998-2019).Moreover,the driving factors of timber yield change are revealed in terms of forestry orientation,product demand structure,production organization form and scientific research work at different stages.In the end,we conclude that the relationship between ecological product and economic product of forestry is not alternative.There will be two basic driving forces(i.e.ecology-driven and economy-driven)to promote forestry development in China.Under the circumstances,timber will become an ecological by-product and the virtuous cycle of ecology and economy.

关 键 词：林业定位 木材生产 驱动机制 生产变迁 

分 类 号：F326.2[经济管理—产业经济]