巴西农业信贷政策及其补贴水平测算——兼论中国农业信贷政策调整方向  

Agricultural Credit Policy and Measurement of Subsidy in Brazil:Implications for China' s Agricultural Credit Policy Adjustment

作　　者：罗屹[1] 宋雨河 武拉平[1] LUO Yi;SONG Yuhe;WU Laping

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]农业农村部对外经济合作中心,北京100125

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2020年第6期75-86,共12页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：农业农村部农业贸易促进中心“国际农业支持政策分析平台建设项目——巴西、阿根廷、澳大利亚、新西兰农业支持政策分析研究”;农业农村部办公厅“中国特色的农业市场化道路研究”(2017),“农业农村经济发展的考核与评价”(2018)(编号:011821301122441001)。

摘　　要：现阶段,中国农业支持政策体系正处于转型期,转型的目的是消除市场扭曲,提高竞争力。巴西与中国同为发展中大国,都处在关键发展阶段,面临的发展任务和外部经济环境具有较高相似性。巴西通过构建以成本、市场和工业化信贷为核心,"投资信贷"和"家庭农业支持计划"并重的信贷支农体系为农业活动提供资金,推动农业发展。在官方信贷资金不足时,巴西又创设多种私人融资工具扩展融资渠道。通过测算,巴西农业信贷补贴额逐年增长,2017/2018年度**已达544. 92亿雷亚尔(约129. 55亿美元***),占农业GDP的18. 20%。通过农业信贷政策,2017/2018年度,巴西每个农村人口平均获得1882. 89雷亚尔补贴。中国可借鉴巴西支农经验,建立对市场扭曲程度较小的农业信贷支持体系,推动农业现代化。China’s agricultural support policy system is undergoingatransition period,the purpose of which is to eliminate market distortion and improve competitiveness.Brazil and China are large developing countries,whose development tasks and external economic environment are highly similar.Brazil promotes agricultural development by financing agricultural activities through a credit supporting system that focuses on cost,market and industrial credit,with equal emphasis on“Investment Credit”and“Family Agriculture Support Program”When official credit was insufficient,Brazil created many private financing tools to expand its financing access.In our estimate,Brazil's agricultural credit subsidy increases year by year,reaching 54.492 billion reais(about 12.955 billion US dollars)in 2017/2018,accounting for 18.20%of the agricultural GDP.China can learn from Brazil’s agriculture support experience,establish an agricultural credit support system with less market distortion to promote agricultural modernization.

关 键 词：巴西 农业信贷政策 补贴 政策调整 

分 类 号：F837.77[经济管理—金融学] F832.43