长江口北支水域甲壳类群落结构特征  

Community Structure Characteristics of Crustaceans in North Branch of Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：赵蓬蓬 高春霞[1,2,3,4] 陈锦辉 赵静[1,2,3,4] 戴黎斌 王学昉[1,2,3,4] ZHAO Pengpeng;GAO Chunxia;CHEN Jinhui;ZHAO Jing;DAI Libin;WANG Xuefang(College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China;The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China;Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Research Center, Shanghai 202150, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [5]上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心,上海202150

出　　处：《水产科学》2020年第4期491-499,共9页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41606146);上海市科委地方能力建设项目(18050502000);中央财政渔业油价补贴政策调整专项转移支付资金资助项目(170062)。

摘　　要：基于2011─2014年在长江口北支水域进行的底拖网资源调查,通过Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及物种优势度分析甲壳类的物种多样性,采用等级聚类、非度量多维标度排序、群落更新指数和迁移指数及丰度-生物量曲线分析甲壳类群落结构。研究结果显示,共捕获甲壳类34种,其中虾类16种,蟹类17种,虾蛄类1种。甲壳类优势种组成年度差异较大,仅葛氏长臂虾和三疣梭子蟹在4个年度均为优势种,其余多为单年度优势种。资源密度组成最高值出现在2012年,其平均生物量和平均个体尾数分别为19.53 kg/h和1297.69个/h。等级聚类和非度量多维标度排序分析显示,2011年、2013年及2014年聚为同一组群,而2012年为单组群。群落更新指数和迁移指数及丰度-生物量曲线分析表明,2012年甲壳类群落结构受扰动较小,因而能够维持相对较高的稳定性。The diversity of crustaceans was evaluated by Margalef abundance(D)index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),Pielou species evenness(J)and dominant species index(Y)and the community structures of crustaceans were analyzed by hierarchical clustering,nonmetric multidimentional scaling ordination(NMDS),alternating index and migration index as well as abundance-biomass curves in north branch of the Yangtze River estuary based on the survey data collected by bottom trawls from 2011 to 2014.The results showed that a total of 34 benthic crustacean species were found including 16 shrimp species,17 crab species and 1 stomatopod species,with obvious dissimilarity of dominant species composition in each year,only the most dominant species of prawn Palaemon gravieri and swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus from 2011 to 2014,the others belonging to single-year dominant species.The maximal index value of stock density was observed in 2012,with average biomass of 19.53 kg/h and average number of 1297.69 ind/h.Hierarchical clustering and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that the crustacean community was clustered in 2011,2013 and 2014,and was separated from that in 2012.Meanwhile,the alternating index and migration index as well as abundance-biomass curves of crustacean community indicated that the less interference and higher stability of crustacean community was observed in 2012.

关 键 词：长江口 甲壳类 群落结构 多样性 稳定性 

分 类 号：S932.5[农业科学—渔业资源]