轻型汽油车稳态工况下的尾气排放特征  

Emission Characteristics of Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust Based on Acceleration Simulation Mode

作　　者：谢岩 廖松地 朱曼妮 王怡然 王日超 张立航 余飞 钟庄敏 白莉[3] 黄江荣 刘俊文 郑君瑜 XIE Yan;LIAO Song-di;ZHU Man-ni;WANG Yi-ran;WANG Ri-chao;ZHANG Li-hang;YU Fei;ZHONG Zhuang-min;BAI Li;HUANG Jiang-rong;LIU Jun-wen;ZHENG Jun-yu(College of Environment and Energy,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Institute for Environment and Climate Research,Jinan University,Guangzhou 511443,China;Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center,Guangzhou 510308,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广州510006 [2]暨南大学环境与气候研究院,广州511443 [3]广东省环境监测中心,广州510308

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第7期3112-3120,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0213904);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B110206001)。

摘　　要：选取不同排放标准的127辆轻型汽油客车和10辆轻型汽油货车为研究对象,利用便携式车载测试系统(portable emission measurement system, PEMS)结合台架稳态工况(acceleration simulation mode, ASM),探究了不同工况与车辆参数对轻型汽油车气态污染物二氧化碳(CO2)、一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)、碳氢化合物(HC)和甲烷(CH4)排放的影响.结果表明,轻型汽油车气态污染物在怠速工况下的排放率较低,仅为加速工况和匀速工况的22.9%和25.8%.污染物排放特征与工况密切相关,CO2和NOx在加速工况时的排放率小于匀速工况,而CO、HC和CH4在加速工况时的排放率却大于匀速工况.在低速稳态下,轻型汽油客车和轻型汽油货车CO2、CO、NOx、HC和CH4的排放因子分别为383.20、 2.98、 1.60、 0.14和0.03 g·km-1和360.66、 2.64、 1.61、 0.005 5和0.002 7 g·km-1.排放标准的加严带来了明显减排效果,CO、NOx、HC和CH4的排放因子从国Ⅰ~国Ⅴ分别下降了87.5%、 97.3%、 97.9%和86.4%.车龄、行驶里程和基准质量与车辆污染物的排放存在非线性关系,发动机排量与机动车的尾气污染物的排放呈正相关.In this study,127 light-duty gasoline cars and 10 light-duty gasoline trucks with different emission standards were selected to explore the influences of different conditions and vehicle parameters on the emission characteristics of carbon dioxide(CO2),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxides(NOx),hydrocarbons(HC),and methane(CH4)using a portable emission measurement system based on a chassis dynamometer under acceleration simulation mode.The results showed that the gaseous pollutants of light-duty gasoline vehicles displayed a relatively lower emission rate under the idle condition,which accounted for only 22.9%and 25.8%of the emission rate at the accelerated condition and constant speed condition,respectively.The pollutant emission characteristics were closely related to the working conditions.The emission rates of CO2 and NOx in the accelerated condition were less than those at the constant speed condition,while the emission rates of CO,HC,and CH4 in the accelerated condition were higher than those at the constant speed condition.In the constant low-speed condition,the emission factors of CO2,CO,NOx,HC,and CH4 were 383.20,2.98,1.60,0.14,and 0.03 g·km-1 for light-duty gasoline cars,respectively,and 360.66,2.64,1.61,0.0055,and 0.0027 g·km-1 for light-duty gasoline trucks,respectively.Tighter emission standards have caused significant reductions in emissions.The emission factors of CO,NOx,HC,and CH4 could be decreased by 87.5%,97.3%,97.9%,and 86.4%,respectively,from ChinaⅠto ChinaⅤ.A non-linear relationship was found between the age,odometer,vehicle weight,and vehicular emissions.In addition,the engine displacement was positively correlated with vehicular emissions.

关 键 词：轻型汽油车 便携式车载测试系统(PEMS) 稳态工况(ASM) 气态污染物 排放因子 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]