亚成体大熊猫肠道微生物结构的季节差异及其与肠道纤维素酶活性的相关性  

Difference in intestinal microbial structure of sub-adult giant pandas in different seasons and its correlation with cellulase activity

作　　者：周应敏 詹明晔 张姝[3] 王磊[2] 黄炎 刘晓强 王一 张志忠 ZHOU Yingmin;ZHAN Mingye;ZHANG Shu;WANG Lei;HUANG Yan;LIU Xiaoqiang;WANG Yi;ZHANG Zhizhong(Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park,China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda,Dujiangyan 611830,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering in Tongji University,Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety in Shanghai,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Zoo,Shanghai 200335,China;Shenyang Zoo Management Co.Ltd.,Shengyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国大熊猫保护研究中心大熊猫国家公园珍稀动物保护生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室,都江堰611830 [2]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海市污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200092 [3]上海动物园,上海200335 [4]沈阳动物园管理有限公司,沈阳110000

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2020年第3期499-505,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会重大科技攻关课题(16dz1205903,16dz1205904)资助。

摘　　要：大熊猫以低营养高纤维的竹子作为主要食物来源,但其消化系统结构保留了肉食动物的特点,不具备消化纤维素的能力,因此肠道菌群对其消化纤维素具有重要意义.为了解不同季节亚成体大熊猫肠道微生物结构的变化及其与肠道纤维素消化能力的内在联系,通过高通量测序技术分析4只亚成体大熊猫肠道细菌和真菌多样性的季节差异,并检测不同季节的肠道纤维素酶活性.结果发现不同季节亚成体大熊猫肠道细菌、真菌结构和丰富度存在较大差异.复杂的肠道微生物组成,特别是优势细菌结构主要决定了亚成体大熊猫消化利用纤维素的能力.冬季(2月)肠道微生物结构较复杂,微生物丰富度也相对较高,细菌的优势度高于其他季节.秋季(11月)和冬季(2月),亚成体大熊猫的纤维素酶活性较高,冬季纤维素酶活性约为其他季节的5倍.亚成体大熊猫的纤维素酶活与其肠道优势细菌Streptococcus丰度的季节变化具有相似的趋势,相关性系数为0.582,是大熊猫分解利用纤维素的重要贡献者.因此,亚成体大熊猫不同季节的肠道微生物结构演变对其纤维素消化具有重要影响.Giant pandas consume low nutrition and high fiber bamboo as their main food,but their digestive system structure retains the characteristics of carnivores and does not possess the ability to digest cellulose.Therefore,the gut microorganisms of giant pandas are important for the digestion of cellulose.In this study,we aimed to investigate the changes in intestinal microbial structure of sub-adult giant pandas in different seasons and their relationship with the ability to digest cellulose.We used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial and fungal diversity of four sub-adult giant pandas in different seasons,and simultaneously their cellulase activity was assessed.We further investigated the correlation between the gut microbial structure of these sub-adult giant pandas in different seasons and their cellulase activities.The results showed that there were significant differences in the intestinal bacterial and fungal structure and richness of sub-adult giant pandas in different seasons.The structures of complex intestinal microbes,especially the predominant bacteria,are more conducive to the ability of sub-adult giant panda to digest cellulose.The microbial structure in winter(February)was complicated and the microbial richness was relatively high.The dominant degree of bacteria in winter was significantly higher than those in other seasons.In autumn(November)and winter(February),the cellulase activity of sub-adult giant pandas was generally high,and in winter it was about 5 times higher than those in other seasons.It was closely related to the changes in the abundance of intestinal dominant bacterial strain,Streptococcus,for which the correlation coefficient is 0.582.In general,the evolution of intestinal microbial structure of sub-adult giant pandas in different seasons has an important impact on their ability to digest cellulose.

关 键 词：亚成体大熊猫 季节 肠道微生物结构 纤维素酶活性 Pearson相关性分析 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]