中华鳖养殖池塘中的浮游甲壳动物群落结构研究  

Community Structure of Crustacean Zooplankton in the Trionyx sinensis Aquaculture Ponds

作　　者：魏文志[1] 吴霆[2] 王家军[2] 王柳富 张莹莹 WEI Wen-zhi;WU Ting;WANG Jia-jun;WANG Liu-fu;ZHANG Ying-ying(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Fisheries Technical Guidance Station of Baoying County,Baoying 225800,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]宝应县水产技术指导站,江苏宝应225800

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2020年第4期911-918,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：江苏省水产三新工程项目(Y2018-24)。

摘　　要：浮游动物常作为水体富营养化程度的指示生物,但多集中于湖泊和水库等大型自然水体中。基于放养密度和搭配水生植物不同,中华鳖有不同的池塘养殖模式,而呈现出不同的水生态环境。通过调查鳖-单养、鳖-莲、鳖-生态和鳖-菱4种主要的池塘养殖模式水质指标和浮游甲壳动物的群落结构,了解不同养殖池塘中浮游甲壳动物的群落结构与富营养化程度之间的关系。研究结果显示,鳖-单养模式DO、NH4+-N、NO2--N、TN、TP、COD、Chl a、综合营养状态指数(TLI)均显著高于鳖-莲、鳖-生态和鳖-菱模式,SD显著低于鳖-莲、鳖-生态和鳖-菱模式(P<0.05);养殖池塘中共记录枝角类6属7种,哲水蚤3属3种,剑水蚤6属6种,共同优势种为毛饰拟剑水蚤(Paracyclops fimbriatus)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)和台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensi);聚类分析结果显示鳖-单养模式单独聚为一类,鳖-莲、鳖-菱和鳖-生态模式聚为一类;线性回归分析显示枝角类丰度和TLI呈负相关(P>0.05),哲水蚤丰度和TLI呈正相关(P>0.05),剑水蚤和浮游甲壳动物丰度与TLI呈显著正相关(P<0.05);RDA显示Chl a、NO2--N、SD、WT和COD显著影响了浮游甲壳动物组成(P<0.05)。该研究不仅可以为中华鳖池塘养殖模式的开发提供技术指导,而且可以为渔业生产影响淡水生态系统结构与功能的研究提供理论支持。It has been reported that community structure of crustacean zooplankton have been used as an indicator of trophic status.Many researches focused on inland natural waters,such as lakes and reservoirs.Differ in densities and macrophytes,the culture models and water environments were different in Trionyx sinensis cultured-pond.In the study,physical-chemical parameters and crustacean composition of four T.sinensis pond-cultured models were investigated from July to October and their correlation with trophic status was analyzed.The results showed that the DO,NH4+-N,NO2--N,TN,TP,COD,Chl a and TLI of T.sinensis monoculture model were significantly higher than those of T.sinensis-Nelumbo nucifera,T.sinensis-ecology and T.sinensis-Trapa acornis model,while the SD of T.sinensis monoculture model were significantly lower than those of T.sinensis-Nelumbo nucifera,T.sinensis-ecology and T.sinensis-Trapa acornis model(P<0.05).A total of 7 species to 6 genus of cladoceran,3 species to 3 genus of calanoid and 6 species to 6 genus of cyclopoid were recorded in all four models.Their conjoint dominant species were Paracyclops fimbriatus,Mesocyclops leuckarti and Thermocyclops taihokuensis.Cluster analysis showed that the T.sinensis monoculture model was divided into one group,and the T.sinensis-lotus model,T.sinensis-N.nucifera and T.sinensis-ecological model were grouped into one group.The abundance of cladocera was shown to be negatively related to TLI(P>0.05),the abundance of calanoid was positively related to TLI(P>0.05),and there was a significant positively correlation between the abundance of cyclopoid and crustacean and TLI(P<0.05);RDA showed that Chl a,NO2--N,SD,WT and COD significantly affected the composition of zooplankton crustacean(P<0.05).Our findings can not only provide technical guidance for the development of pond culture model of Chinese soft-shelled turtle,but also provide theoretical support for the study of fishery production affecting the structure and function of freshwater ecosystem.

关 键 词：中华鳖 浮游甲壳动物 群落结构 富营养化 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]