市场化速度与私营企业的关系投入--基于动态制度观的实证研究  

The Relationship between Speed of Marketization and Guanxi Investment of Private Enterprises--An Empirical Study Based on Dynamic Institution-Based View

作　　者：朱沆[1] 徐鸿昭 Hang Zhu;Hongzhao Xu(Business School,Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学管理学院

出　　处：《管理学季刊》2020年第1期32-57,133,134,共28页Quarterly Journal of Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“动态、复杂制度环境下的创业活动研究”(71872193);青年项目“迁移距离、社会网络嵌入与异地创业成长研究”(71902072);重点国际(地区)合作研究项目“家族企业国际化与创新:基于制度-文化的比较研究”(71810107002)资助。

摘　　要：制度的动态性是转型经济制度环境的一个关键特征,现有研究却很少考察市场化速度与企业行为的关系,尤其是它如何影响中国私营企业对关系的运用。本文引入制度摩擦和制度真空的概念,尝试建立市场化速度影响制度真空变化和企业关系投入的理论逻辑。我们认为市场化速度对制度真空的变化存在两种此消彼长的作用,一种是正式制度推进带来的制度真空收缩效应,另一种是正式制度失效带来的制度真空扩张效应,特定阈值的市场化速度下是前一种效应主导,之上是后一种效应主导。制度真空收缩会刺激私营企业减少关系投入,扩张则会带来企业增加关系投入,由此导致私营企业的关系投入随市场化速度呈现“U”形变化。弱小的新企业、小企业更容易受制度真空变化的影响。本文运用2010~2014年5594个私营企业混合截面数据样本和中国分省份市场化指数,实证检验了上述理论假设,发现法:律与中介组织的市场化速度与私营企业的关系投入之间存在向右下方倾斜的凹形曲线关系,企业年龄和规模会削弱上述关系。上述发现部分支持本文的假设,并提示了新企业和小企业在动态制度环境中的弱势地位,为动态基础观的后续研究提供了值得进一步探究的思路。Institutional dynamics are an important feature of transition economies.However,most of the existing studies on in-stiutions in transition economies are limited to the static development of institutions and few have paid attention to the speed of in-stitutional change,the dynamic nature of institutions.How will changes of formal institutions afect guanxi,which is an important informnal institutional arrangement in the Chinese context?Existing research has not yet given a clear and consistent conclusion.This paper will focus on private enterprises that are more sensitive to institutional environment and explore whether private small and new enterprises are more sensitive to the speed of institutional change.Speed of marketization is used to simultaneously rellect both the speed and the direction of institutional change in our research.By introducing concepts of institutional void and institutional friction,this paper proposes a theoretical logic that speed of marketiza-tion affects institutional void change and investment of private enterprises in guanxi.Institutional voids refer to situations where for-mal institutions are absent or barely function,and institutional friction refers to conflicts between newly established formal institu-tions and informnal instiutions or the original formnal instiutions during the process of instiutional change.We believe that speed of marketization alfects guanxi investment of private enterprises through the change of institutional void,and it has two antagonistic effcts on the change of institutional void.On the one hand,with the increase of marketization speed,institutional voids contract because of rapid improvement of formal institutions;on the other hand,informal institutions cannot keep uwith the development of formal institutions and cause institutional friction,which leads to failure of formnal institutions.In this case,institutional voids ex-pand.Under a certain threshold of marketization speed,the former contraction effect of institutonal voids predominates,which leads t

关 键 词：动态制度基础观 制度摩擦 制度真空 

分 类 号：F123.9[经济管理—世界经济] F276.5