重庆市南川植烟区土壤养分演变趋势及施肥区划  

Evolution Trend of Soil NutrientsinTobacco Planting Areas of Nanchuan County, Chongqing and Fertilization Zoning for It

作　　者：张璐[1,2] 徐宸[3] 石孝均 周鑫斌 ZHANG Lu;XU Chen;SHI Xiao-jun;ZHOU Xin-bin(School of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Maize Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Xinzhou Shanxi 034000,China;Tobacco Scientific Research Institute of Chongqing Corporation Chinese Tobacco Corporation,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]山西农业大学玉米研究所,山西忻州034000 [3]中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第8期17-25,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2017jcyjAx0425);中国烟草总公司重点项目(110201902005)。

摘　　要：通过对重庆市南川植烟区代表性烟田土壤养分现状分析,并与2012年的数据进行比对分析,总结土壤养分演变规律,提出针对性的施肥方案,为该地区烤烟生产提质增效和可持续发展提供依据.结果表明:2017年南川区植烟土壤pH值平均为5.77,处于最适pH范围的土壤样品占35%左右;土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾质量分数平均值分别为33.62 g/kg,157.1 mg/kg,28.03 mg/kg,277.51 mg/kg,以上各个养分指标在适宜范围的比例分别为36.46%,75%,41.25%,22.92%.从当前烟田土壤养分情况看,土壤有机质质量分数较为丰富,碱解氮供应能力良好,有效磷质量分数总体适中,速效钾质量分数整体偏高.与2012年相比,烟田土壤酸化现象已明显改善,植烟土壤pH值平均上升了0.32,但仍有41.0%的土壤呈酸性;土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾质量分数平均值分别增加了15.49%,31.05%,21.24%,44.39%.因此,重庆市南川区植烟区应采取"降酸、稳氮磷、控钾、保持有机肥"的措施.以测土配方为依据,建立了施肥分区图,可以实现烟田区域"大配方"养分管理策略.In 2017,an experiment was made inNanchuan County of Chongqing,in whichsoil nutrients in representative tobacco fields were analyzed and the results were compared with the data in 2012 so as to understand the evolution rules of soil nutrientsin this periodv Accordingly,aspecific fertilization schemewas recommended as a guide for improving the quality,efficiency and sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco production in this area.The results showed that the average pH value of thetobacco-planting soil in Nanchuan County was 5.77,soil samples in the optimal pH range accountingfor about 35%of the total;and the average content of soil organic matter,alkaloidal nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium was 33.62 g/kg,157.1 mg/kg,28.03 mg/kg and 277.51 mg/kg,respectively in 2017.The proportion of the above nutrient indexes in the appropriate range was 36.46%,75%,41.25%and 22.92%of the total,respectively.Overall,the mass fraction ofsoil organic matter content was relatively rich,the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus was moderate;and the soil available potassium content wasa bit too high as a whole in this area.Compared with 2012,soil acidification in the localtobacco fields wasmarkedlyalleviated.The average pH value of tobacco planting soil increased by 0.32,but 41.0%of the soil remained acidic.The average contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 15.49%,31.05%,21.24%and 44.39%,respectively.Therefore,measures should be taken to reduce acidity,stabilize nitrogen and phosphorus,control potassium and maintain organic fertilizer in the tobacco planting area of NanchuanCounty of Chongqing.Based on the soil test,a fertilization zoning map was established,which can achieve the"big formula"nutrient management strategy in tobacco fields.

关 键 词：南川区 植烟土壤 土壤养分 烟草 施肥区划 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]