一种外槽轮体积自动可调的定量排肥装置设计与试验  

Design and Test of a Quantitative Fertilizer Discharge Device with Automatically Adjustable Volume of External Groove Wheel

作　　者：张信 李光林[1] 白秋薇 马驰[1] ZHANG Xin;LI Guang-lin;BAI Qiu-wei;MA Chi(School of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第8期158-166,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：重庆市科委重点项目(cstc2018jszx-cyzdX0051)。

摘　　要：为改变现有外槽轮式排肥装置排肥量受限于外槽轮体积的状况,设计了一种外槽轮体积自动可调的排肥装置,建立了外槽轮排肥的数学模型,对装置的参数进行了设计,并通过试验测试了装置的实际排肥性能,对装置的排肥参数进行了修正.试验结果表明,在22~120 r/min转速范围内,排肥装置的排肥量随转速的增加保持稳定的线性关系,排肥槽轮单圈排肥量的极差、标准差及变异系数较小;当转速高于120 r/min时,该线性关系遭到破坏.当需要在一定的距离内施用较多的肥料时,若采用固定体积的排肥轮排肥,必须提高转速来实现.当转速超过120 r/min时,外槽轮式排肥装置的排肥量急剧下降,因此为了精准控制施肥量,施肥量大时,需要选用更大的槽轮体积来使得槽轮转速降低到线性排肥范围内;当需要在一定的距离内施用较少的肥料时,如果槽轮体积固定则无法做到均匀定量施肥,因此应考虑选用更小的槽轮体积来完成排肥任务.通过数学模型计算出的理论排肥量与实际排肥量误差较小,最大误差为7.7%,说明该模型能准确表达此装置的工作状况,装置完全能够满足定量自动排肥需求.研究结果为变量施肥机具的研究、设计与应用提供了参考依据.The capacity of the existing external grooved wheel type fertilizer removal devicesis limited by the volume of the external grooved wheel,which cannot be changed,so they can’t meet the needs of accurate quantitative fertilization.In order to overcome their limitations and provide a reference for the research and design of bettervariable fertilizer applicationdevices,a fertilizer discharge device with automatically adjustable volume of outer groove wheel is designed in a study reported in this paper.The mathematical model of fertilizer discharge bytheouter groove wheel is established,the parameters of the device are designed,its actual fertilizer discharge performance is tested,and its fertilizer discharge parameters are modified.The experimental results show that in the speedrange of 22~120 r/min,the fertilizer discharge of the device maintains a stable linear relationship with the increase of rotational speed,and the range,standard deviation and coefficient of variation of fertilizer discharge per ring of thefertilizer discharge trough wheel are small,and that the linear relationship is destroyed when the speed is higher than 120 r/min.When more fertilizer needs to be applied within a certain distance,if the fertilizer discharging wheel with a fixed volume is adopted,the rotation speed must be increased to achieve this.It can be seen from the test results that when the speed exceeds 120 r/min,the fertilizer discharge of the external grooved wheel fertilizer discharge device decreases sharply.Therefore,in order to accurately control the amount of fertilizer applied,when the amount of fertilizer application is large,it is necessary to select a larger volume of groove wheel to reduce the speed of groove wheel to the linear range of fertilizer discharging;when less fertilizer needs to be applied within a certain distance,uniform and quantitative fertilization can’t be achieved if the volume of groove wheel is fixed,so a smaller wheel volume should be chosen to complete the task of fertilizer removal.The error be

关 键 词：排肥体积 排肥量 自动控制 试验 外槽轮 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]