黄土高原祖厉河流域咸水淡化与高效利用  

Brackish water desalination and efficient application in Zuli River catchment of Loess Plateau

作　　者：时冬萍 谭红兵[1] 柳子豪 许鹏 SHI Dongping;TAN Hongbing;LIU Zihao;XU Peng(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第4期300-306,共7页Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0406601);国家自然科学基金(41872074)。

摘　　要：为缓解我国北方苦咸水分布地区淡水资源紧缺的状况,开展咸水多级冰冻淡化试验,揭示咸水结冰过程水质变化机理。试验结果表明:冷冻结冰法能有效淡化咸水,Ⅰ级冰融水的脱盐率可达60%以上;咸水多级冷冻结冰过程,不同离子结冰迁移速率不同,致各级冰融水离子组成发生变化。多级冰冻淡化方法可以在祖厉河流域推广和应用,其充分利用自然能源,具有经济环保,简单易行,既可小规模分户实施也可大规模处理等优势,是解决当地春旱期生活用水及农业用水困难的有效途径之一。To alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources in the northern China where large-scale brackish water is widely distributed,a multi-stage freezing desalination experiment of brackish water was carried out to reveal the mechanism of water quality changes during freezing out processes.The experiment indicates that the methods of freezing and icing can effectively dilute the brackish water and the desalination rate of ice melt water can reach more than 60%.In the multi-stage processes of salty water freezing,the different freezing rate of various ions can lead to changes of ion composition in ice-melting water at all levels.The conclusion is that the method of multi-stage freezing and desalination of saltwater can be widely promoted and applied in the local for mitigating the predicament of local water shortage and the potential harm of primary salty water irrigation to the environment.The advantages of this desalination are that it can make fully use of natural cold energy in winter and realize well economic and environmental achievements.In addition,it seems to be very simple and practicable,which can be implemented in small-scale households or on a large scale.It is one of the effective ways to solve the difficulties of domestic water use and agricultural water use during the spring drought.

关 键 词：咸水淡化 冷冻试验 冰融水 离子迁移 去除率 祖厉河 

分 类 号：TU991.2[建筑科学—市政工程] TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]