空间材料科学研究进展与未来趋势  

Recent advances and future perspectives of space materials science

作　　者：阮莹[1] 胡亮[1] 闫娜 解文军[1] 魏炳波[1] RUAN Ying;HU Liang;YAN Na;XIE WenJun;WEI BingBo(Laboratory of Space Materials Science and Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学空间材料科学与技术实验室,西安710072

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2020年第6期603-649,共47页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:L1924028;U1806219;51327901;51874244;51871186;U1660108和51371148)资助。

摘　　要：空间材料科学是材料科学与空间技术相融合形成的一个交叉学科领域.它萌生于20世纪中期的空间探索实验,伴随着载人航天的迅速发展逐步成长为材料科学中一个相对完整的分支学科.我国即将迎来自己的空间站时代,从而为此新兴学科带来更广阔前景.本文系统总结了最近二十年来国内外在空间环境物理化学特征、空间条件下材料的液态性质与相变动力学、空间材料制备成形过程运动学,以及空间环境中材料组织与性能调控等四方面研究的主要进展,并分析展望了这一学科领域的未来发展趋势.Space materials science is an interdisciplinary research field developed through the interpenetration and combination of materials science and space technology.It originated from the preliminary space exploration experiments during the middle of the 20 th century and has grown into a relatively consistent academic branch of materials science owing to the efficient support from the manned space flight enterprises.China is welcoming its own era of space station and thus brings in further opportunities for the thriving materials research field.This overview attempts to summarize the major achievements of the space materials science field in the first two decades of the current century and provide a concise perspective regarding its future advances.The following four aspects are addressed in detail:the physicochemical characteristics of the space environment,liquid state properties and phase transition kinetics of materials in outer space,kinematics of space materials processing,and space modulation of material structures and performances.

关 键 词：空间材料科学 空间环境 空间实验 空间站 电磁悬浮 超声悬浮 静电悬浮 气动悬浮 

分 类 号：V25[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]