低温/宽温域下自润滑关节轴承摩擦学性能研究  

Study on the tribological properties of a self-lubricating spherical plain bearing at a cryogenic and wide temperature range

作　　者：尉成果[1] 陈万华[1] 梁波[2,3] 王廷梅 崔文岩[5] 马斌 赵伟桦 陶立明 马天宝 YU ChengGuo;CHEN WanHua;LIANG Bo;WANG TingMei;CUI WenYan;MA Bin;ZHAO WeiHua;TAO LiMing;MA TianBao(China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China;Luoyang Bearing Science&Technology Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471039,China:3 Zhongzhe High-Speed Railway Bearing Co.,Ltd.,Quzhou 324400,China:4 State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China:'State Key Laboratory of Tribology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China:Luovang Bearing Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空气动力研究与发展中心,绵阳621000 [2]洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司,洛阳471039 [3]中浙高铁轴承有限公司,衢州324400 [4]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [5]清华大学摩擦学国家重点实验室,北京100084 [6]洛阳轴承研究所有限公司,洛阳471000

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2020年第6期775-785,共11页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:51935006)资助项目。

摘　　要：针对我国大型低温风洞设计建设中关键运动执行机构的运动精度和稳定性需求,开展了低温/宽温域环境下,自润滑关节轴承的摩擦磨损规律和模拟服役性能研究.自主研制了低温关节轴承试验机和适用于低温工况的自润滑关节轴承,开展了113~323 K宽温域范围内的摩擦磨损试验,研究了温度、载荷对关节轴承整体摩擦系数的影响规律,并开展了关节轴承的低温耐久性试验.研究结果表明:随着环境温度的降低,关节轴承的动、静摩擦系数均呈现先上升后平稳或下降的趋势,反映了热激活效应和自润滑材料理化特性对其摩擦性能的综合影响规律;温度高于153 K时,较高载荷有利于摩擦转移膜的形成,从而导致摩擦系数降低,然而当温度低于153 K时,几乎难以形成转移膜,载荷越大磨损越严重,因此摩擦系数在高载荷下反而更大;经过113 K低温下30000摆次试验,关节轴承的动摩擦系数略有升高,但仍低于0.18;轴承磨损量不大于0.08 mm,外圈内表面上织物磨损均匀,并在内圈表面形成转移膜以起到润滑作用.To achieve the required accuracy and stability of the key mechanisms in the design and construction of a large cryogenic wind tunnel in China,the friction and wear properties of a self-lubricating spherical plain bearing at cryogenic and wide temperature range environments were studied.Tribological tests on the home-made self-lubricating spherical plain bearing suitable for low-temperature working conditions were conducted at a wide temperature range from 113 K to 323 K using a home-built cryogenic temperature spherical plain bearing tester,and the effects of temperature and the normal load on the friction coefficients were investigated.Furthermore,experiments on the durability of the spherical plain bearing were conducted at cryogenic temperature.Results show that the dynamic and static friction coefficients of the spherical plain bearing first increased and then stabilized or decreased with decrease in the temperature,which reflects the comprehensive effects of the thermally activated friction along with the physical and chemical properties of the self-lubricating material on its tribological properties.A higher load is conducive to the formation of a transfer film when the temperature is higher than 153 K,which leads to decrease in the friction coefficients.However,it is difficult to form the transfer film when the temperature is lower than 153 K.On the contrary,increased wear leads to increase in the friction coefficients at the application of the heavier load.After 30000 oscillations at 113 K,the dynamic friction coefficient of the spherical plain bearing increases slightly,but it is still lower than 0.18,and the wear volume of the bearing is not more than 0.08 mm.The fabric surface on the inner ring is uniformly worn,and the transfer film is formed on the outer surface of the inner ring to provide lubrication.

关 键 词：宽温域 低温轴承 PTFE 摩擦磨损 耐久性试验 

分 类 号：V211.74[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]