聚合物基纳米复合材料结构设计与电磁屏蔽性能研究  

Study on Structure Design and Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites

作　　者：吴昕昱 张好斌[1] Xin-yu Wu;Hao-bin Zhang(College of Materials Science&Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《高分子学报》2020年第6期573-585,I0003,共14页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号51922020,51533001)资助项目。

摘　　要：聚合物纳米复合材料以其质量轻、易加工成型、耐化学腐蚀等优秀特性成为电磁屏蔽材料的研究热点.复合材料的导电性是影响电磁屏蔽性能的关键因素,而聚合物基体中导电网络结构则决定了材料内部的电子传输效率,从而在很大程度上决定材料导电性能.合理的结构设计可以解决纳米填料在基体中易团聚、难分散的问题,实现低渗滤阈值、高导电性能/电磁屏蔽与多功能化的统一.我们围绕聚合物纳米复合材料的关键科学问题展开研究,取得一些创新性研究成果:(1)通过填料/基体界面调控,实现复合材料连续导电网络的构筑,制备系列低渗滤阈值聚合物导电复合材料;(2)发展三维导电结构预先构筑新方法,制备出高效导电网络,实现电磁屏蔽复合材料结构功能一体化设计与制备;(3)提出构建多界面结构策略,实现聚合物电磁屏蔽复合材料的轻量化设计.本专论针对我们研究成果进行总结,并对高性能电磁屏蔽纳米复合材料的发展前景进行展望.Lightweight polymer nanocomposites with excellent processability and chemical resistance have been becoming research focus of electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials.The EMI shielding performance of polymer nanocomposites greatly depends on electrical conductivity,which is in turn determined by the transport efficiency through the conducting network.However,it still remains a great challenge to construct high-quality conducting pathway in polymer matrices with least filler content by matrix-filler interface and rational structural design.Research on the key scientific issues of polymer nanocomposites was conducted,and some interesting results were achieved,including:(1)Several approaches for the design and tailoring of filler dispersion and matrix-filler interfaces were developed and a series of high-performance electrically conductive polymer nanocomposites with low percolation threshold were successfully prepared;(2)Some routes for constructing preformed three-dimensional architectures for conductance/shielding were proposed,facilitating the structural and functional integration design of polymer nanocomposites;(3)The construction of multi-interface structures in polymer nanocomposite enables the balance of high EMI shielding performance and lightweight feature.This perspective summarizes our recent research advances,and forecasts the future challenges and opportunities of polymer nanocomposites for electromagnetic shielding.

关 键 词：纳米复合材料 石墨烯 二维过渡金属碳/氮化物 电磁屏蔽 结构设计 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]