用于锂二次电池的类三明治结构电解质的研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Perspectives of Sandwich-structured Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

作　　者：刘亭亭 张建军[1] 于喆 吴瀚 张津宁 唐犇 崔光磊[1] Ting-ting Liu;Jian-jun Zhang;Zhe Yu;Han Wu;Jin-ning Zhang;Ben Tang;Guang-lei Cui(Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute,Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266101;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]青岛储能产业技术研究院,中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,青岛266101 [2]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049

出　　处：《高分子学报》2020年第7期710-727,I0003,共19页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(基金号51703236,51625204)资助.

摘　　要：设计和开发高性能电解质对于提升锂二次电池的安全使用性能和电化学性能十分必要.类三明治结构电解质是一类新兴的,具有特殊两层、三层或多层对称或非对称结构的电解质体系,可实现不同材料的性能优势互补,同“刚柔并济”电解质设计理念相吻合.基于此,本综述详细梳理了类三明治结构电解质在高电压锂电池、固态锂电池、锂金属电池和锂硫电池等方面展现出的多功能应用:(1)提高离子电导率;(2)提高负极界面相容性,抑制锂枝晶生长;(3)提高正极界面抗氧化性能;(4)防止过渡金属离子溶出游弋到负极;(5)防止多硫化物穿梭.并从类三明治结构电解质特定应用方面出发,重点论述了类三明治结构电解质的类型、制备、功能以及在高性能锂二次电池中的研究进展.文末还对类三明治结构电解质未来可能的发展趋势及存在的挑战进行了深入分析和阐释.本综述将会对锂二次电池高性能电解质的设计、开发和研究工作起到非常好的理论指导和思路借鉴作用.“刚柔并济”类三明治结构电解质必将在未来高性能二次电池开发过程中发挥重要作用.High-performance electrolyte is necessary to improve safety issues and electrochemical performance of rechargeable lithium batteries.Sandwich-structured electrolyte,a novel class of electrolyte system,possess special two,three or more layers of symmetrical or asymmetrical structures,which can complement the performance advantages of different materials,effectively improving the performance of rechargeable lithium batteries.Based on this,this paper combs the multi-functional applications exhibited by sandwich-structured electrolytes in high-voltage lithium batteries,solid-state lithium batteries,lithium metal batteries and high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries:(1)enhancing ionic conductivity;(2)improving compatibility of the lithium/electrolyte interface to inhibit lithium dendrite growth;(3)improving the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte at the cathode interface;(4)preventing dissolution of transition metal ions in the cathode;(5)suppressing the shuttling of polysulfides to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.And from the specific application of sandwich-structured electrolytes,we mainly summary the types,preparation process and research advances of sandwich-structured electrolytes in high-performance rechargeable lithium batteries.At the end of the review,we also discuss the challenges and future development of sandwich-structured electrolytes.It will undoubtedly act as a great reference and theoretical guidance for researchers engaged in high-performance electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries.

关 键 词：类三明治结构 电解质 锂二次电池 界面相容性 展望 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]