清代民国时期伊犁锡伯旗屯水利社会的形成与瓦解  

The raise and fall of Sibe Water Conservancy Society in Yili during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

作　　者：潘威 Pan Wei

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史地理研究所

出　　处：《西域研究》2020年第3期94-105,171,共13页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：2018年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国西北地区发展的历史经验研究”(项目批准号:17JJD770012);国家重点研发计划“全球变化研究及应对”项目“小冰期以来东亚季风区极端气候变化及机制研究”(项目批准号:2018YFA0605601)联合资助的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：乾隆二十五年(1760)清政府置伊犁将军管理天山南北,驻伊犁八旗军形成了独特的“旗屯”体制,而各“旗屯”中又以锡伯营为典型。嘉庆前期,锡伯营自建了一套完备的农田水利体系,形成了适应于旗屯体制和当地环境的水利社会秩序。这套秩序完善了锡伯族群的社会功能,由此大大提高了锡伯营的社会经济发展水平和稳定边防能力。光绪十年(1884)新疆建省后,在国家重建西北边防体系的迫切需要下,锡伯模式一度扩展到锡伯营以外地区。辛亥革命后,锡伯社会内的恶性土地私有化动摇了传统水利秩序,营旗体制又阻碍了近代水利因素的进入,使得旗屯水利社会陷入瓦解的境地。In the 25 th of Qianlong(1760),the Qing government set up the General Yili to administrate Xinjiang region.The Eight Banner Army of General Yili has resulted in the unique"Qitun(Banner village)"system to established,and Sibe was one of this representations of the"Qitun".In the early period of Jiaqing,Sibeying(Sibe Army)built its own complete farmland water conservancy and irrigation system,forming a social water utility order adapted to the Qitun system and local environment.This system enhanced the social functions of the Sibe ethnic group,thereby greatly improved the level of social and economic development among the Sibe society.It also increased the ability to stabilize the border defense.In the 10 th of Guangxu(1884),after the establishment of Xinjiang Province,the Sibe Model of regional administration was once extended to the outside Sibeying due to the urgent need to rebuild the northwest border defense system for the country.After the Revolution of 1911,the vicious land privatization in Sibe society shook the traditional water conservancy order,and the Banner system hindered the entry of modern water conservancy system,finally causing the Qitun water conservancy society collapsed.

关 键 词：伊犁 水利社会 察布查尔 锡伯 旗屯 

分 类 号：F329.45[经济管理—产业经济]