文冠果枝叶生长与叶幕微气候的关系研究  

Relationships between branch growth and leaf canopy microclimate of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge

作　　者：赵秀婷 荣贵纯 王延双 段劼[1,2] 马履一 ZHAO Xiuting;RONG Guichun;WANG Yanshuang;DUAN Jie;MA Lüyi(College of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,100083,China;National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,100083,China;Research Institute of New Technology,Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences,Beijing,100091,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学国家能源非粮生物质原料研发中心,北京100083 [3]中国林业科学研究院新技术研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第7期44-56,共13页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2017ZY21);林业公益性行业专项(201504704);国家林业局林业科技成果推广计划项目(知转2017-11);国家林业局林业标准制修订项目(2015-LY-229)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索叶幕微气候因子对文冠果枝条生长发育和光合同化能力的影响,为文冠果树体的整形修剪提供理论依据。【方法】在山东东营选择20株6年生文冠果树,调查其冠层内东西南北4个方向,每方向上层和下层、外侧和内侧4个区域,共16个小区域的温度、湿度、光照等微气候因子,再分别测定各区域文冠果枝叶量及叶片光合色素、光合产物和氮含量,并将其与微气候因子进行相关性分析。【结果】文冠果叶幕内不同区域温度和湿度均无显著差异,但不同区域光照强度差异显著,除北向上层外侧光照强度略低于下层外侧外,其余各方向均有上层外侧最高、下层内侧最低的现象,两区域差异达260.0%。树冠东、南方向1年生枝条数量、长度、基径均大于西、北方向;树冠上层1年生枝条数量少于下层,而上层1年生枝条长度、基径均大于下层;树冠外侧新枝数量和叶片数量均多于内侧,下层叶片数量多于上层,但上下层新枝数量无明显差异。5月为树冠内新枝数量和叶面积增长最快的时段,树冠上层新枝数量和叶面积增长快且明显大于下层,与光照强度增长规律一致。树冠内叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均有西、北方向高于东、南方向的规律;可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量和碳氮比均有外侧大于内侧,东、南方向大于西、北方向,且东、南方向各区域差异较大的规律。光照与文冠果树冠枝、叶生长指标和叶片生理指标相关性较大,且与多数树体枝、叶生长指标和叶片生理指标均呈显著正相关关系,但与光合色素含量无显著相关性。【结论】适当对东、南方向和上层、外侧的枝条加以疏除,可以增强透光性,能使树体生长更为均匀,为文冠果产量提高奠定基础。【Objective】This study explored the effects of leaf canopy microclimate factors on branch growth and photosynthetic capacity of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge to provide basis for the shaping and pruning of X.sorbifolia Bunge.【Method】Twenty 6-year-old X.sorbifolia Bunge trees in Dongying,Shandong were selected to investigate the microclimate factors including temperature,humidity and illumination in 16 areas(four directions of east,south,west and north and four areas of upper and under,outer and inner in each direction)of the canopy.The number of branches and leaves,photosynthetic pigment,photosynthetic products and nitrogen content were also measured and correlation analysis between these factors was analyzed.【Result】There was no significant difference in temperature and humidity among different areas of leaf canopy,while the difference of illumination in each area was significant.The highest illumination in each direction was in upper outer area and the lowest was in under inner area with difference of 260.0%.The number,length and diameter of annual branches in the east and south of the crown were larger than those in the west and north.The number of annual branches in upper canopy was less than that in under canopy,while the length and diameter of annual branches were larger than that in under canopy.The number of new branches and leaves on the outer side of the crown was larger than that on the inside,and the number of leaves in the under lower layer was larger than that on the upper layer.There was no significant difference in the number of new branches in the upper and under layers.In May,the number of new branches and leaf area in the canopy increased the fastest.The number of new branches and leaf area in the upper canopy increased faster than that in the lower canopy,which was consistent with the growth of illumination.The contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids in leaves of tree canopy were higher in the west and north directions than in the east and south directions.Soluble sugar content,starc

关 键 词：叶幕微气候 文冠果 枝叶量 光合产物 

分 类 号：S718.512[农业科学—林学] S727.3