成年残疾人监护制度建设理论与实践——成年残疾人的自主决策权保障研究  

Theory and Practice on the Construction of Guardianship System for Adults with Disabilities

作　　者：刘金霞[1] 范晓红 LIU Jin-xia;FAN Xiao-hong

机构地区：[1]北京青年政治学院,北京100102 [2]北京百行宜众助残法律服务与研究中心,北京100027

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2020年第2期23-32,共10页Disability Research

基　　金：2018—2019年度中国残联研究课题委托项目(18&ZD001)。

摘　　要：民法成年监护制度涵括了对残疾人的保护。当前成年监护制度改革的方向是以协助决策制度限制监护的适用,目的是确立残疾人的决策中心地位,保障其自主决策权。协助决策是指成年残疾人(包括精智残疾人、老年障碍者以及其他需要协助的障碍者)在协助人协助下参与自己日常生活、医疗养护、财产管理等事务的决策过程并自主做出决策。协助决策对促进残疾人的心理、认知、社会交往具有积极的影响,是当代国际社会尝试解决残疾人权利保护问题的手段和方法。我国残疾人自主决策的需求与日俱增,民间协助决策的实践也较为丰富,但现行民法提供的制度保障不足。第十三届全国人民代表大会第三次会议于2020年5月28日通过的《中华人民共和国民法典》(简称《民法典》)维持了《民法总则》成年监护制度的基本框架与内容,对协助决策需求回应不足。从长远看,继续推动成年监护制度改革,推定并承认残疾人与其他人一样具有行为能力,理顺残疾人自主决策的法律逻辑,构造以协助决策制度与法定监护制度为内容的成年保护制度,为成年残疾人自主决策权的实现提供制度保障,当为《民法典》具体制度完善的方向之一。Since modern times,all countries have designed legal systems to protect persons with disabilities.The adult guardianship system includes the protection of disabled people.The direction of contemporary adult guardianship reform is to restrict the application of guardianship by assisted decision-making system,with the aim of establishing the central position of the decisionmaking rights of persons with disabilities.Assisted decision-making system allows and ensures adults with disabilities to take part in the decision-making process such as medical treatment and property management with assistance.And it is the means that the contemporary international community tries to protect the rights of persons with disabilities.As the demands for self-determination of disabled people increase,it is necessary to further reform the current adult guardianship system in the follow-up compilation of the China Civil Code,through the presumption and recognition of the legal capacity of persons with disabilities and the construction of adult protection mechanism including the assisted decision-making system.

关 键 词：成年监护 自主决策 替代决策 协助决策 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]