由长江中的三种鲟到长江水域生态保护  

From three sturgeons to the ecological potection of the Yangtze River

作　　者：王熙 王环珊 张先锋[1] WANG Xi;WANG Huanshan;ZHANG Xianfeng(Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第4期734-748,共15页Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：中科院战略生物资源科技支撑体系运行专项项目(CZBZX-1);新型水生动物标本保存液研制及保藏技术研究项目(ZSBR--002);东亚鲤科鲌亚科鱼类分类学研究及水生生物博物馆标本整理项目(ZSBR-011).

摘　　要：通过系统整理长江中三种鲟与长江水域生态保护文献的基础上,描述了这三种动物的生物学特征,梳理了白鲟灭绝、中华鲟与长江鲟极度濒危的历程.从长江水域生态保护的角度,分析了导致长江生物多样性严重下降的因素,包括水利工程、酷渔滥捕、水质污染、航运与采砂等人类活动.针对性地提出了8个方面的保护对策:实施生态修复、十年禁渔、加强保护区建设、生态调度、控制水污染、加强监测和研究、健全生态补偿机制、建设国家级保种基地.In this literature review on three sturgeons and ecological protection of the Yangtze River,the authors described the biological characteristics of these sturgeons and introduce the process of Chinese paddlefish's extinction and Chinese sturgeon and Yangtze River sturgeon's critically endangered status.From the perspective of ecological protection of the Yangtze River,the factors leading to the serious decline of biodiversity in the Yangtze River were analyzed,such as water conservancy projects,overfishing,water pollution,shipping and sand excavation,and other human activities.Accordingly,eight protection countermeasures were proposed,including ecological restoration,10-year fishing ban,natural reserves'construction,ecological operation,water pollution control,monitoring and research,ecological compensation,and national conservation bases'construction.

关 键 词：长江 白鲟 中华鲟 长江鲟 生态保护 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]