改性固体酸催化合成乙酸乙酯  

Synthesis of ethyl acetate catalyzed by modified solid acid

作　　者：彭依新 刘现启 于专妮[1] PENG Yixin;LIU Xianqi;YU Zhuanni(College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学化学与药学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《化学研究》2020年第2期139-143,共5页Chemical Research

基　　金：山东省名校工程建设(201912);青岛农业大学实验技术课题(SYJK18-10);青岛农业大学大学生创新项目(201901).

摘　　要：鉴于经典酯化反应中,浓硫酸作为催化剂存在高腐蚀性、污染(废酸)性、危险性等诸多弊端,使用固体酸是当前最有效的解决途径之一.本文以改性强酸型离子树脂为催化剂,以乙酸的单程转化率为评价依据,通过单一因素分析法优化乙酸乙酯的制备条件.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析仪对固体酸进行表征.SEM分析结果表明,Fe 3+改性固体酸树脂出现大量孔状结构;试验确定了乙酸乙酯的最佳制备条件为:乙醇与乙酸的体积比为1.4∶1,催化剂用量为1.2 g,反应时间为1.5 h,乙酸的单程转化率可达62.7%,总转化率为89.3%;重复试验发现,改性树脂经过连续5次使用后,乙酸的单程转化率依然可达57%,明显高于浓硫酸催化的效果.As a traditional esterification reaction catalyst,there were some shortcomings for concentrated sulfuric acid,such as equipment corrosion,high pollution and high dangerousness.Fortunately,solid acid was one of the most effective methods to solve this problem.In this work,Fe 3+modified ion-exchange resin was prepared and used as the catalyst for the synthesis of ethyl acetate.The preparation conditions was determined by single factor analysis according to conversion of acetic acid.The Fe 3+modified ion-exchange resins were characterized by means of SEM and XRD.The ion-exchange resin modified by Fe 3+presented porous structure by SEM.The promising result disclosed that the conversion and total of acetic acid was 62.7%and 89.3%,when ethanol volume ratio to acetic acid was 1.4∶1,catalyst dosage was 1.2 g and reaction time was 1.5 h.The conversion of acetic acid was still 57%at the fifth time,which was superior to the sulfuric acid.

关 键 词：离子交换树脂 改性 酯化反应 

分 类 号：TQ455.1[化学工程—农药化工]