海滨木槿的繁育系统及传粉生物学特征  

The breeding system and pollination biology of Hibiscus hamabo

作　　者：王连军[1] 杨庆华[1] 高伟祥 宋昌梅 WANG Lian-jun;YANG Qing-hua;GAO Wei-xiang;SONG Chang-mei(Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden,Shanghai 201602,China)

机构地区：[1]上海辰山植物园,上海201602

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2020年第3期127-133,共7页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：上海市科委项目(14DZ2260400)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索海滨木槿的繁育系统及传粉生物学特征.【方法】以海滨木槿为试验材料,运用杂交指数、花粉/胚珠比、座果率等指标,首次对海滨木槿的繁育特征及传粉生物学等进行了初步研究.【结果】海滨木槿的花朵包括5个花瓣,少数为4个或者6个花瓣;花期5~10月;开花当天的花粉活力呈单峰曲线,在13∶00时活力最高,开花当天柱头都具有可授性;海滨木槿的杂交指数为4,繁育系统为异交、部分自交亲和、需要传粉者;海滨木槿的花粉/胚珠比为350.6±11.6,繁育系统属于兼性异交;5)海滨木槿自然坐果率为95%;人工同株同花授粉的座果率为70%;人工异株异花授粉坐果率为92%;各种授粉方式下,种子平均数为31~35,没有显著差异;海滨木槿的主要传粉昆虫是蚂蚁.【结论】海滨木槿繁育系统属于兼性异交;主要传粉昆虫是蚂蚁.【Objective】In order to explore the breeding system and pollination biology of Hibiscus hamabo.【Method】The breeding system and pollination biology of H.hamabo are studied primarily by using out crossing index,pollen-ovule ratios and fruit-sets rate.【Result】The corolla of H.hamabo has five petals generally,four petals or six petals in a few cases,the flowering phase is from July to beginning of October.The pollen viability on the day is the highest at 13∶00,the stigma receptivity always exists for one day.The out crossing index is four,which is suggested that the breeding system belongs to the facultative hybridization,part self-compatibility and insect pollinator dependent.The pollen-ovule ratio is 350.6±11.6,which is suggested that the breeding system belongs to the facultative autogamy.The fruiting rate of natural pollination is 95%;the fruiting rate of hand pollination with the same flower in one plant is 70%;the fruiting rate of hand pollination with another flower in other plant is 92%.The average number of seeds is between 31 and 35 under different pollinations,there is no significant difference.The major pollinators are the ants.【Conclusion】The breeding system of H.hamabo belongs to the facultative autogamy.The major pollinators are the ants.

关 键 词：开花特征 杂交指数 花粉/胚珠比 繁育系统 传粉生物学 

分 类 号：S685[农业科学—观赏园艺]