乌江中游佛顶山平舟原缨口鳅的繁殖生物学特征  

Reproductive biology of pingchow tasselmouth loach Vanmanenia pingchowensis in tributary of Foding Mountain in the Middle Wujiang River

作　　者：李忠利 米小其 雷红梅 冉辉 王成 LI Zhongli;MI Xiaoqi;LEI Hongmei;RAN Hui;WANG Cheng(College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China;The Administration Bureau of Fodingshan National Nature Reserve, Shiqian 555100, China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州铜仁554300 [2]贵州省佛顶山国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州石阡555100

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2020年第4期551-556,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：贵州省环保厅科研项目“贵州佛顶山生物多样性价值(生物廊道)研究”。

摘　　要：为研究乌江流域平舟原缨口鳅Vanmanenia pingchowensis的繁殖生物学特征,于2017年1月—12月至2018年3、6、9月在乌江中游佛顶山支流采集平舟原缨口鳅标本262尾,测定其体长、体质量和性腺质量等基础数据,分析了性比、副性征、卵径、繁殖力和性成熟系数等繁殖生物学特征。结果表明:雌雄群体年龄分布在3+~6+龄,优势年龄组均为4+和5+龄;协方差分析显示,雌鱼的体长、体质量关系与雄鱼存在显著性差异(P<0.05);雌雄鱼副性征不明显,繁殖季节性比为1.53∶1;用Logistic方程推算初次性成熟理论值,雌性体长58.72 mm、体质量3.83 g、年龄2.93 a,雄性体长52.45 mm、体质量1.99 g、年龄3.05 a;绝对繁殖力为739~2953粒,平均(1629±520)粒,体质量相对繁殖力为150.5~358.4粒/g,平均(250.2±58.5)粒/g;雌鱼Ⅳ期卵巢中存在明显的两批卵子,发育类型为分批同步型,产卵类型为完全同步型;卵径频率分布显示,平舟原缨口鳅繁殖期在5—7月。研究表明,当前乌江佛顶山平舟原缨口鳅繁殖群体大龄化趋势明显,补充群体严重不足,建议从保护现有种群和人工增殖两方面采取措施进行保护。From January to December 2017 and March,June and September 2018,262 samples of pingchow tasselmouth loach Vanmanenia pingchowensis were collected from the tributary of Foding Mountain in the Middle Wujiang River(27°15′-27°25′N,107°56′-108°12′E)by gillnets and traps with mesh size of 1 cm,and the body length,body weight,net body weight and gonad weight,sex ratio,secondary sexual characters,egg diameter,absolute fecundity,relative fecundity and gonado-somatic index(GSI)were measured for reproductive biology investigation.The results showed that the population of male and female pingchow tasselmouth loach had age from 3+to 6+years old,with dominant age of 4+and 5+.The covariance analysis showed that there was significant difference in body length and body weight relationship between male and female(P<0.05).No conspicuous secondary sexual characters were found in pingchow tasselmouth loach,with sex ratio of female to male=1.53∶1 in spawning season,departing significantly from 1∶1 ratio(P<0.05).Logistic equation revealed that theoretical first maturity was estimated to be at 58.72 mm in body length,3.83 g in body weight and 2.93 years old in age in female,and at 52.45 mm in body length,1.99 g in body weight and 3.05 years old,in male.The females had absolute fecundity of 739-2953 eggs,mean value(1629±520)eggs/g,and relative fecundity per net body weight of 150.5-358.4 eggs/g,mean value(250.2±58.5)eggs/g.There were two distinct batches of oocytes in size in the stageⅣovaries,but only one batch spawned out simultaneously each year.The egg diameter size frequency distribution(changes in GSI)graph displayed the pingchow tasselmouth loach spawned from May to July.The findings indicated the population of pingchow tasselmouth loach showed obvious aging trend and seriously inadequate recruit group,and it is suggested that measurement be taken to protect the existing population including artificial reproduction for enhancement stock by juvenile pingchow tasselmouth loach releasing.

关 键 词：平舟原缨口鳅 繁殖生物学 乌江 佛顶山 

分 类 号：S961.1[农业科学—水产养殖]