20世纪初美国的意大利移民女工境遇探析——以纽约市三角衬衫厂火灾为例  

An Analysis of the Situation of Italian Immigrant Women Labors in the United States in the Early 20th Century

作　　者：何黎萍[1] 侯俊玲[1] 孙静静 HE Li-ping;HOU Jun-ling;SUN Jing-jing(School of History,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《安徽史学》2020年第4期18-27,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：20世纪初,一大批来自意大利南部地区的妇女移民美国,因生活贫困、文化程度低,又受母国传统文化、种族身份和性别分工的影响,进入了以服装部门为代表的“女性行业”工作,其中以纽约三角衬衫厂为典型。在工厂里,作为非技术的廉价劳动力,她们遭受性别和阶级等压迫。虽然她们进行了抗争,但是成效不大。1911年3月发生的三角衬衫厂火灾惨案,引发社会对移民女工的关注,揭示了意大利移民女工的待遇、权利和地位,并在进步主义运动的浪潮中掀起了改革。改革带来了工厂环境的改善,制定了一些保护女工的措施。In the early 20th century,a large number of women from southern Italy immigrated to the United States.Because of poverty,low literacy level,and the influences of traditional culture,ethnic identity and gender division of labor,they entered the“women industry”represented by the clothing sector,of which the New York Triangle Shirtwaist Factory is typical.As unskilled and cheap labor forces,they were oppressed by gender,class in the factory.Although they struggled,they had not achieved much.In March 1911,the famous Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire disaster occurred,which finally caused the society’s attention to migrant women workers,and revealed the treatment,rights and status of Italian migrant women workers,and set off reforms in the wave of the progressive movement,which had brought about improvements in the factory environment and made some measures to protect women workers.

关 键 词：意大利移民女工 三角衬衫厂火灾 服装业 阶级与性别压迫 

分 类 号：K712.51[历史地理—历史学] K546.41[历史地理—世界史]