论人工智能深度介入司法的态度、途径和阶段——以轻微刑事案件为契机的分析  

Research on Attitude,Means and Stages of AI Deeply Involved in Judicature:From the Perspective of Minor Criminal Cases

作　　者：王烁[1] WANG Shuo(School of Arts and Law,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学文法学院,北京100029

出　　处：《科技与法律》2020年第3期63-69,共7页Science Technology and Law

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“刑法中的轻微犯罪制度研究”(16FXC028);中国国家留学基金委资助项目“荷兰的轻微犯罪制度及其对中国的启示”(201806885012);国家社会科学基金一般项目“刑事政策实现效果评估体系研究”(15BFX085)。

摘　　要：对于人工智能是否可以深度介入司法,现阶段观点争议颇大。人工智能对于人类司法官“(案件事实+现有规则)+(过往经验+主观裁量)=案件结论”的司法思维模式的模拟上存在着一定的缺陷,决定了需谨慎对待其深度介入司法的态度。但是,轻微刑事案件的司法过程存在着形式性追求优于实质性追求,共性司法经验多于个性司法经验,机械性司法应用大于创造性司法应用的特征,使得人工智能存在着深度介入轻微刑事案件司法的可能。为实现该可能,可以考虑设置三个具体阶段:作为专职司法官的辅助者阶段;与非专职司法官共同办案阶段;独立处理案件阶段。There are divergent opinions on whether AI can be deeply involved in the judicial system.AI has some de⁃fects in the simulation of the judicial thinking mode of"(case facts+existing rules)+(past experience+subjective dis⁃cretion)=case conclusion"of the human judges,which determines that the attitude of AI deep involvement in judica⁃ture should be treated with caution.However,in the judicial process of minor criminal cases,the formal pursuit is bet⁃ter than the substantive pursuit,the common judicial experience is more than the individual judicial experience,and the mechanical judicial application is more than the creative judicial application.These characteristics make it possi⁃ble for AI to involve deeply into minor criminal cases.In order to realize this possibility,three stages can be designed:stage of AI serving as assistant of professional judges,stage of collaborative working with non-professional judges and stage of independent cases solving.

关 键 词：人工智能 大数据 司法 轻微犯罪 轻微刑事案件 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学]