基于DNA条形码研究中国枪乌贼和鸢乌贼的食物种类组成  

Study on food contents of Uroteuthis chinensis and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis based on COI sequence

作　　者：刘梦娜 徐磊 王雪辉[3,4] 刘玉 王淼娣 邱永松 朱江峰[1] 何映霖[2] 贝伟烈 杜飞雁 LIU Mengna;XU Lei;WANG Xuehui;LIU Yu;WANG Miaodi;QIU Yongsong;ZHU Jiangfeng;HE Yinglin;BEI Weilie;DU Feiyan(College of Marine Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;China Blue Sustainability Institute,Haikou 570208,China;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,China Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510300,China;South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]海南智渔可持续科技发展研究中心,海南海口570208 [3]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300 [4]广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东广州510300 [5]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州510301

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2020年第4期61-69,共9页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY201405);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2019HY-JC0203);广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金(FEEL-2019-9)。

摘　　要：中国枪乌贼(Uroteuthis chinensis)和鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)作为中国南海头足类的关键种,对海洋生态系统的物质流动与能量循环具有重要影响,其摄食生态的研究将对海洋食物网的构建具有重要意义。由于传统胃含物分析法难以准确鉴定糜状饵料生物的组成,本研究利用DNA条码技术,针对中国枪乌贼和鸢乌贼不可辨认的食物糜提取组织DNA,选用线粒体基因细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI)作为分子标记,获得的序列在Genbank中进行比对分析,并使用GMYC(Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent)模型进行物种界定和构建系统进化关系。结果成功鉴定出中国枪乌贼饵料物种有13种,鸢乌贼饵料物种有8种,共20种(其中1种为共有饵料)。比较发现,汕头-台湾浅滩渔场的中国枪乌贼主要摄食鱼类、甲壳类和头足类,而南海中部海域鸢乌贼则主要摄食鱼类和头足类。两物种均存在同类相食现象,但鸢乌贼表现更明显。Uroteuthis chinensis and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis are key species of the cephalopods in the South China Sea, which have important effects on the material flow and energy circulation in the marine ecosystem. The study of feeding ecology of these two cephalopods will be great significant to the construction of marine food web. Because of the sharp tooth decay, the stomach contents are all scorpion-like, and it is difficult to accurately identify them by traditional morphological methods. And the effectiveness of molecular techniques in feeding analysis of these two species has not been fully validated. In this study, we identified the species(or genus) in the stomach contents of U. chinensis and S. oualaniensis based on the mitochondrial COI gene, and used the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent(GMYC) model for species definition and phylogenetic tree building. The results showed that of a total of 41 stomach contents sequences(28 from U. chinensis and 13 from S. oualaniensis), 30(73%) were identified as species, and the rest were determined as genus(all are crustaceans). The diets of U. chinensis in Shantou-Taiwan Shoal fishing ground included fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans;and the diets of S. oualaniensis in the Central South China Sea were fish and cephalopods. Cannibalism occurred in both species, but was more pronounced in S. oualaniensis.

关 键 词：中国枪乌贼 鸢乌贼 摄食 COI基因 DNA条形码 南海 汕头-台湾浅滩渔场 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学] Q178.53[天文地球—海洋科学]