东沙海域复杂海况下单源单缆长排列地震资料处理  

Single-source, single-cable, long-array, seismic data processing in complex sea conditions of Dongsha sea area

作　　者：邢涛[1,2,3,4] 詹文欢[1,3,4] 李福元 陈玺[2,3] XING Tao;ZHAN Wenhuan;LI Fuyuan;CHEN Xi(Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,China Geology Survey,Guangzhou 510760,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室,南海海洋研究所,南海生态环境工程创新研究院,广东广州510301 [2]中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局,广东广州510760 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2020年第4期91-99,共9页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41606030);中国地质调查局项目(DD20190216、DD20190212);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0207、GML2019ZD0208)。

摘　　要：大量研究表明南海北部东沙海域的中生界地层具有很好的油气成藏条件,是油气勘探的有利区域。但中生界地层构造成像不清晰限制了该区域油气资源的准确评价。本文利用在该海域采用单源单缆长排列采集的三维地震数据,提出了对该类数据的优化处理技术方案,以期获得中生界地层的清晰成像。处理过程主要包括各种噪音干扰和不同类型多次波的压制,尤其是比较严重的海洋湍流干扰压制,提高中深层反射信号信噪比;通过压制气泡和压缩子波提高地震反射的分辨率;同时利用高密度速度分析进行各向异性双谱非双曲线动校正,提高成像质量,使波组特征、振幅特征更为明显。针对密集二维采集数据特点,通过合理的面元规则化处理,使得覆盖次数均匀和横向分辨率提高,实现高精度三维成像。本研究针对噪音干扰较严重的单源单缆长排列加密地震资料,按照三维地震资料进行数据处理,处理后明显突出了浅、中、深各层的有效信息,特别是针对中生界的成像质量改善更为明显,形成了一套行之有效的处理流程,为今后邻近区块的勘探和资料处理提供了技术基础,也为东沙海域的油气勘探与评价提供了科学依据。Aiming at the characteristics of seismic data collected by single-source, single-cable, long-array under complex sea conditions of the Dongsha sea area for the first time, we propose an optimal technical solution for processing this kind of data. We have achieved good results in removing various noise interferences and different types of multiple-wave interferences, especially the severe interference of marine turbulence in the survey area. Under the premise of amplitude-preserving treatment, the bubble is suppressed, the wavelet is compressed, and the resolution of the seismic data is improved. Using high-density velocity analysis, we performed anisotropic bi-spectral non-hyperbolic move-out correction, making the wave group features and amplitude characteristics more obvious. Through reasonable regularization of bins, the coverage folds are uniform and the lateral resolution is improved. For the densely-distributed 2 D seismic data, a 3 D pre-stack time migration processing method is adopted. In this study, the single-source, single-cable, long-streamer, seismic data with severe noise interference are processed in the way of 3 D seismic data processing. The processing highlights the effective information from the shallow to deep, especially the imaging quality improvement for the Mesozoic. More obviously, a set of effective processing procedures has been formed, which provides a technical basis for exploration and data processing in the adjacent areas in the future, and also provides a scientific basis for oil and gas exploration and evaluation of the Dongsha sea area.

关 键 词：东沙海域 单源单缆长排列 中生界 地震资料 数据处理 

分 类 号：P736.15[天文地球—海洋地质]