黄河沉积物微塑料污染和表征  

Pollution and characterization of microplastics in the sediments of the Yellow River

作　　者：龚喜龙 张道勇[1,3] 潘响亮 GONG Xi-long;ZHANG Dao-yong;PAN Xiang-liang(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Environment,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆干旱区环境污染与生态修复重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]浙江工业大学环境学院,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2020年第3期790-798,共9页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2017B03014,2017B03014-1,2017B03014-2);国家自然科学基金项目(U1503281)资助。

摘　　要：微塑料(<5 mm)对于环境的污染越来越受到社会的关注,本文以黄河流域采集的沉积物为研究对象,通过密度浮选的方式提取其中的微塑料,统计了沉积物中微塑料的丰度、类型、颜色和粒径分布,同时,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)分析微塑料的组成和表面形貌特征。结果表明:①微塑料的丰度为15~615个·kg^-1(干沉积物),下游沉积物中微塑料的平均丰度高于中、上游。主要包括碎片类、发泡类、薄膜类和纤维类4种类型,其中碎片类所占的含量最高,为43. 35%,其次是发泡类塑料,约占34. 08%,薄膜类和纤维类相对较少,两者之和为20. 56%。②不同形状塑料的红外光谱分析表明:碎片类微塑料的主要成分是氧化聚乙烯,薄膜类的主要成分是聚丙烯,发泡类和纤维类微塑料的主要成分分别是聚苯乙烯和聚乙烯。③微塑料的颜色分为透明、白色、彩色和黑色4种,其中透明和白色所占的比例较高,分别为43. 28%和34. 55%。微塑料的粒径特征表明,其粒径范围主要位于1~4 mm,占比为64. 8%,<1 mm的微塑料所占比例为16. 62%。④微塑料表面形貌特征表现为,微塑料有不同程度的老化痕迹,具有表面粗糙、孔隙多、裂隙明显等特点。Microplastic particles with particle sizes of less than 5 mm are of increasing concern. In this study,microplastics were sampled from the sediments of the Yellow River. The microplastic particles were separated from the sediments using density flotation separation methods,and the abundance,type,color,and particle size distribution of microplastics were measured. Meanwhile,composition characteristics and surface topography features were studied using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results showed that microplastic abundance in the sediments was in the range of 15-615 items·kg^-1,and the average abundance of microplastics in the downstream sediments was higher than that in the middle and upstream sediments. Four types of microplastics were identified in the sediments,including fragments,foams,thin films,and fibers. Of the particles analyzed,43. 35% were fragments,and 34. 08% were foam,while the films and fiber microplastics accounted for 20. 56% of the plastics. The FTIR analysis demonstrated that the major components of fragments,films,foams,and fibers were identified as oxidized polyethylene,polypropylene,polystyrene,and polyethylene. The color of microplastics was divided into transparent,white,color,and black. The proportions of plastic that were transparent and white were 43. 28% and 34. 55%,respectively. The measurement of the particle size of the microplastics indicated that the particle sizes mainly ranged from 1-4 mm,accounting for 64. 8%,and the proportion of microplastics < 1 mm was 16. 62%. The SEM-EDS results showed different aging degree of the microplastics with the characteristics of rough surface,many pores,and obvious cracks.

关 键 词：沉积物 微塑料 丰度 粒径 表面形貌 黄河 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]