我国儿童预防接种的现状  

The prevent situation of childhood vaccination in China

作　　者：蔡晓岚 尹晓波[2] 吴秀清[2] CAI Xiaolan;YIN Xiaobo;WU Xiuqing(Postgraduate of Grade 2018,Shenyang Medical College,Shenyang 110034,China;Third Department of Internal Medicine,Shenyang Children′s Hospital)

机构地区：[1]沈阳医学院,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]沈阳市儿童医院内三科

出　　处：《沈阳医学院学报》2020年第4期352-355,共4页Journal of Shenyang Medical College

基　　金：沈阳市科委项目(No.19-112-4-010)。

摘　　要：预防接种是儿童通过接种疫苗作为根除与预防感染性疾病的方法,至今仍无其他方法替代。随着我国儿童预防接种工作的蓬勃发展,目前疫苗的种类、接种率普查、接种的禁忌证、安全性与不良反应评估等各个方面数据的统计与分析较前更加完善;对于儿童预防接种中漏种、迟种、不种的原因也有相关研究,对于特殊健康状态儿童,我国专家也出台相关指南予以指导临床医生预防工作,避免医生对禁忌证的过度把握造成不必要的推迟疫苗接种现象发生。通过研究我国预防接种的发展及成果,预防接种的禁忌证、安全性与不良反应,影响儿童预防接种率及推迟预防接种的常见原因以及特殊健康状态儿童预防接种现状四个方面来了解我国儿童预防接种的现状。Vaccination is an effective method of preventing infectious diseases.With the development of preventive vaccination for children in China,the statistics and analysis of the current types of vaccines,vaccination rates,contraindications for vaccination,safety and adverse reaction assessment are more complete than before.There are also related reasons for not vaccinating children.For unhealthy children with special underlying diseases,Chinese experts also have issued guidelines to guide clinicians in preventive work to avoid unnecessary delays in vaccination.This paper summerizes the development of preventive vaccination in China,the contraindications,safety and adverse reactions of vaccination,the common reasons that affect the vaccination rate of children,and the status of vaccination of children with special underlying diseases.

关 键 词：预防接种 疫苗 接种现状 儿童 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]