警察防卫的基本原理及其规则展开  

The Basic Principles of Police Defense and Its Rules

作　　者：贾健 JIA Jia(Chongqing University Law School;School of Southwest University of Political Science and Law.)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院 [2]西南政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2020年第4期142-155,195,共15页The Jurist

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“依法治国和以德治国的关系研究”(14AZD135)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：警察防卫的性质不是刑法中的正当防卫,而是职务行为。警察防卫的正当性原理需能够协调人权保障与法益保护之间的关系。不能从古典社会契约论、缺乏正当性论证的警察任务或黑格尔法权理论等角度推导出警察防卫的正当性原理。该原理不能建立在抽象的国家理论设定上,而应回到具象的社会共同体背景下。警察防卫其实是一种警察代表国家同不法侵害人在紧急事态下的正式沟通,以此来促使犯罪人反省,阻止不法侵害人进一步偏离社群规范,以达到特殊预防的目的。据此,警察防卫不能依据刑法中的正当防卫条款予以出罪,其防卫的限度应适度放宽,同时应设置警察过当防卫之宽宥处罚条款。The nature of police defense is not a proper defense system in criminal law,but a duty behavior.The justification principle of police defense needs to be able to coordinate the relationship between the protection of human rights and legal rights.The legitimacy principle of police defense cannot be derived from the classical social contract theory,the police task lack justification argument,or Hegel’s legal theory.The foundation of this principle cannot be based on the definition of state theory in the absolute and abstract form,but should be brought back to the background of a concrete and realistic social community.Police defense is actually a formal communication between the police on behalf of the country and the offender in an emergency,in order to encourage the offender to reflect and prevent the offender from further deviating from the community norms to achieve the special prevention purpose.According to this,police defense cannot be used to alqint the defendant according to the lawful defense clauses in criminal law.The defense limits should be moderately relaxed.Meanwhile,lenient punishment clauses for police deficiencies should be set.

关 键 词：警察防卫 正当原理 规则展开 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学] D922.14[政治法律—法学]