黄土高原苹果园不同集水阻渗技术调控下土壤水分、矿质氮含量变化  

Changes of soil moisture and mineral-nitrogen contents in apple orchards of Loess Plateau under the regulation of different water-collecting and impermeability techniques

作　　者：陈嘉钰 谢永生[1,2] 骆汉[1,2] 张炳学 索改弟 张文博 CHEN Jiayu;XIE Yongsheng;LUO Han;ZHANG Bingxue;SUO Gaidi;ZHANG Wenbo(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry ofWater Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, Anhui 233100, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,安徽滁州233100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2020年第3期19-25,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD31B01)。

摘　　要：以黄土高原苹果园果树为研究对象,分析不同集水阻渗技术调控下土壤水分、矿质氮含量的变化,探索适宜旱区果园可持续发展的防渗聚水技术。结果表明:起垄覆膜处理(Ⅰ)、防渗层处理(Ⅱ)和起垄覆膜加防渗层处理(Ⅲ)均能增加0~300 cm土层土壤含水量,减少土壤硝态氮含量。处理Ⅲ总体效果最好,能够增加9.60%土壤含水量,减少57.15%土壤硝态氮含量;处理Ⅰ使0~200 cm土层土壤含水量均匀增加7.73%,硝态氮含量均匀减少60.08%;处理Ⅱ能够增加0~40 cm表层土壤7.37%的土壤含水量,减少40~200 cm中层土壤74.38%的硝态氮含量。研究表明,不同集水阻渗技术通过改变水分的时空分布、减少硝铵态氮的淋溶从而提高水肥利用效率,其中起垄覆膜加防渗层处理结合了起垄覆膜与人工防渗层两种技术的优点,能够有效调控土壤水分运动,减少硝态氮深层淋溶,是黄土高原改善土壤水肥状况、增加果园产量、使果业可持续发展的可行技术措施。In the Loess Plateau environment,the changes of soil moisture and mineral-nitrogen(N)contents under the control of different water-collecting infiltration impermeability technologies were studied and analyzed for apple trees in apple orchards.Additionally,this research explored the anti-seepage water accumulation technology suitable for the sustainable development of orchards in dry areas.Through the research,it is summarized that ridging coated treatment(I),seepage control layer(II)and ridging laminating impermeable layer process(III)increased soil moisture in 0~300 cm soil layer and decreased the nitrate content.The best overall effect was with the ridging coated with impervious layer handles(III),which increased soil water content by 9.60%,reduced nitrate N content by 57.15%.In contrast,ridging coated treatment(I)uniformly increased soil water content in 0~200 cm soil layer by 7.73%,even reduced the nitrate content by 60.08%;impervious layer handles(II)increased the soil surface water content of 0 to 40 cm soil layer by 7.37%,reduced nitrate N content in 40~200 cm middle soil by 74.38%.This study showed that different water-collecting impermeability techniques reduced the leaching of ammonium nitrate by changing the spatial and temporal distribution of water.This improved the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer.In addition,the treatment of ridging laminating impermeable layer process combined the advantages of two technologies:ridge film mulching and artificial impermeable layer,which effectively regulated soil water movement and reduced nitrate N leaching.This is a feasible technical measure to improve soil water and fertilizer status,increase orchard yield,and make fruit industry sustainable development on the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：苹果园 起垄覆膜技术 人工防渗层 土壤水分 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S661.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]