陕北风沙区温室滴灌油桃生长和产量对水分亏缺的响应  

Response of greenhouse nectarine growth and yield to water deficit under drip irrigation in Windy-Sandy Area in Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：张鹏[1] 曹红霞[1] 张建锴 胡笑涛[1] ZHANG Peng;CAO Hongxia;ZHANG Jiankai;HU Xiaotao(The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas Subordinated to theMinistry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi,712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2020年第3期32-39,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2016KTZDNY-01-05);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400204)。

摘　　要：为探明滴灌方式下不同水分处理对陕北风沙区温室油桃生长的适用性,选择5a生早熟油桃“秦光6号”,设置3个滴灌处理W1、W2、W3和当地漫灌处理(CK)4个水分处理,当任一滴灌处理的土壤含水率达灌水下限50%θf,开始统一灌水,灌水上限分别为90%θf(W1)、75%θf(W2)、60%θf(W3)。经过2017年的预试验处理后,于2018年测定桃树新梢生长量、茎干日最大收缩量(MDS)、叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、果径以及产量和水分利用效率(WUE)等指标。结果表明:新梢生长量和滴灌灌水量呈正相关,各生育期的MDS均值存在显著差异(P<0.05);各处理叶片的SPAD值在果实第二膨大期和成熟采摘期差异显著,W2在果实生长期SPAD整体居高。果实的生长情况:CK的成熟果实横径和缝径分别为44.3、46.0 cm,而W2达53.3、55.9 cm;W1和W3的单株果个数较W2(49.3)分别高20.8%和5.7%,CK则低至40.7个;但W2单果重显著高于其他处理,达到106.39 g。W1、W2、W3的果实产量分别为24446.8、23303.7、20777.2 kg·hm^-1,而CK产量仅为15845.3 kg·hm^-1,可见漫灌产量最低,滴灌时重度水分胁迫下减产显著。W1、W2、W3的WUE分别是CK的188.0%、299.0%、614.4%。持续性亏缺灌溉下,处理W2在减产不明显的情况下能保持油桃需水关键期较优的光合作用,提高果实单果重和WUE。To examine the adaptability of drip irrigation under different water treatments to greenhouse nectarine in Windy-Sandy Area of Northern Shaanxi is helpful to provide an approach and basis for irrigation schedule meeting the requirement of water saving and yield increasing under drought and water shortage environment.The field experiment included four treatments,three drip irrigation treatments(W1,W2,and W3)and local surface flooding treatment(CK).When the soil moisture content of any treatment reached 50%of the irrigation water limit,uniform irrigation event began,the upper limits of irrigation were respectively 90%θf(W1),75%θf(W2),and 60%θf(W3).After the pre-experiment in 2017,shoot growth,stem maximum daily shrinkage(MDS),fruit diameter,leaf chlorophyll relative content(SPAD),yield and water production efficiency of nectarine trees etc.were recorded toexplore the effects of different water treatments in 2018.Results showed that shoot growth was positively correlated with drip irrigation amount;the MDS mean values of different growth periods showed significantly different at different treatments(P<0.05);the SPAD value of leaves varied significantly during the second fruit expansion period and fruit harvest period,W2 owned higher SPAD value during the whole fruit growth period,moderate water deficit improved the photosynthesis at the critical stage of fruit growth.For fruit growth,the transverse diameter and seam diameter of CK were separately 44.3 and 46.0 cm at the fruit harvest period when the W2 reached 53.3 and 55.9cm;the fruit numbers of W1 and W3 were 20.8%and 5.7%higher than that of the W2 of 49.3,respectively,while CK owned the lowest value of 40.7;W2’s mean fruit weight was 106.39 g that was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The effect of severe water stress on yield reduction was significant,the yield of W1,W2,and W3 was 24446.8,23303.7 kg·hm^-1 and 20777.2 kg·hm^-1,respectively,but it was only 15845.3 kg·hm^-1of CK;the WUE of W1,W2,and W3 was 188%,299%,and 614.4%of CK,respecti

关 键 词：温室油桃 滴灌 水分亏缺 水分利用效率 产量 生长 叶绿素相对含量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S662.1[农业科学—农业工程]