不同豆禾牧草混播对土壤质地及肥力的影响  

Effects of mixed sowing of different forage on soil texture and fertility

作　　者：霍雅媛 曹宏 柴守玺[1,2] 张述强 HUO Yayuan;CAO Hong;CHAI Shouxi;ZHANG Shuqiang(Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China;College of Agriculture, Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070, China;College of Agriculture and Forestry,Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]陇东学院农林科技学院,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2020年第3期238-244,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省科技厅科技支撑计划项目“农牧交错地带豆科-禾草混播模式及产业化关键技术研究与应用”(1604NKCM054)。

摘　　要：以豆科牧草(红豆草)和禾本科牧草(黑麦草、无芒雀麦、扁穗冰草)为材料,研究了2 a生不同豆禾牧草的混播种植方式对当地土壤物理结构及土壤有效养分分布与积累规律的影响。结果表明:在不同混播比例中,大多数豆禾组合以红豆草与无芒雀麦豆禾比为4∶6和3∶7作用效果较好,其中4∶6的混播方式最好,与豆科单播相比较,其土壤容重减少了7.25%,土壤孔隙度和团聚体的含量增加了8.14%和13.56%,土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了23.1%、20.1%、77.2%和13.5%;与禾草单播相比较,其土壤容重减少了9.86%,土壤孔隙度和团聚体的含量增加了10.81%和13.45%,土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了15.5%、16.1%、66.5%和19.1%。双因素方差分析结果表明,混播种类及混播种类与混播比例的交互效应是影响土壤养分差异的主导因素。因此,不同豆禾牧草混播的种植方式有利于改善土壤物理结构,改善土壤养分供应,对提高土壤肥力具有重要意义。In this paper,the effects of mixed planting patterns of different grasses on the physical structure of soil and the distribution and accumulation of available nutrients in soil were studied.The results showed that with different mixing ratio,most bean curd combinations with red bean grass and bromegrass bean curd ratio of 4∶6 and 3∶7 have better effect and 4∶6 ratio was the best mixed seeding method.Compared with bean unicast,the soil bulk density decreased by 7.25%,soil porosity and aggregate content increased by 8.14%and 13.56%,respectively,and soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium contents increased by 23.1%,20.1%,77.2%,and 13.5%respectively;Compared with grass unicast,soil bulk density decreased by 9.86%,soil porosity and aggregate content increased by 10.81%and 13.45%,and soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents increased by 15.5%,16.1%,66.5%and 19.1%,respectively.The results of two factor analysis of variance indicated that the interaction effect of mixed seeding and mixed seeding and mixed seeding ratio were the main factors influencing the difference of soil nutrients.Therefore,different planting methods of mixed soybean and grass not only improved soil physical structure,which was beneficial to drought resistance and moisture conservation,but also improved the supply of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium nutrients,which was of great significance to improve soil fertility.

关 键 词：豆科牧草 禾本科牧草 混播方式 土壤有效养分 土壤物理结构 

分 类 号：S541.4[农业科学—作物学] S543