海南岛不同类型滨海林地禁伐后的植被与土壤养分变化  

Changes of Vegetation and Soil Nutrient in Different Forests after Logging Banin Tropical Coastal Area of Hainan Island

作　　者：薛杨[1] 梁居智 宿少锋[1] 姚小兰 王小燕[1] 林之盼[1] 薛雁文 XUE Yang;LIANG Juzhi;SU Shaofeng;YAO Xiaolan;WANG Xiaoyan;LIN Zhipan;XUE Yanwen(Hainan Institute of Forestry Science,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省林业科学研究所,海南海口571100 [2]海南大学生态与环境学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2020年第6期1273-1278,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省属科研院所技术开发专项(No.KYYS-2019-22)。

摘　　要：滨海防护林及半自然次生林禁伐后的植被结构、土壤养分特征的变化,是认识林地演替生态过程和盐碱地生态恢复的核心内容,对生物多样性保护和生态系统服务功能提升具有重要意义。本研究针对海南岛北部低海拔滨海地区1994年开始禁伐的人工林与次生林,采用典型样地法,比较研究3类人工林(大叶相思林、木麻黄林、桉树林)和邻近的次生林、混交林(对照)等5个森林类型的植被与土壤养分特征。结果表明:(1)5种森林群落内主要植被共计34科54属57种,次生林和混交林群落物种组成较其他纯林物种丰富,木麻黄林内无灌木生长,除次生林外,其他森林类型草本层物种最丰富;(2)5种森林的土壤皆呈酸性,桉树林、次生林和混交林的土壤有机质和全氮含量较高,但土壤有效磷含量显著低于木麻黄林和大叶相思林(P<0.05);(3)混交林土壤速效钾最高为11.27 mg/kg,其他森林类型均很低甚至未检出;(4)次生林土壤有机质含量、混交林土壤速效钾含量与群落物种组成呈正相关;土壤全氮含量与树龄、树高等呈正相关。因此,土壤养分随着禁伐时间增长而增加;桉树林具有较高的有机质和氮含量,但木麻黄林和大叶相思林的磷含量较高,次生混交林则有着较高的钾含量。The changes of vegetation structures and soil nutrients in coastal forests are important to understand the forest ecological process and restoration of saline-alkali land, and for the biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service function enhancement. The vegetation and soil nutrient characteristics of three types of plantations(Acacia auriculiformis, Casuarina equisetifolia and Eucalyptus robusta), secondary forests and mixed forests(control) banned from cutting in low altitude coastal areas of northern Hainan Island in 1994 were studied using the typical plot method. 57 species belonging to 54 genera and 34 families were investigated. The species composition of the secondary forest and mixed forest communities was richer than that of the pure forest, and no shrubs grew in the C. equisetifolia plantation. In addition to the secondary forests, other forest types had the most abundant species in herblayer. The soil of the five forest plots was acidic, and the content of organic matter and total N in the Eucalyptus robusta plantation, secondary forest and mixed forest was the highest, but the content of available P in the A. auriculiformis and C. equisetifolia plantation was significantly higher than that of the others(P<0.05). Except the mixed forest, available K was 11.27 mg/kg, and that in the other forest types was very low or even undetected. There existed positive correlation between organic matter in the secondary forest, available K in the mixed forests and species compositions. There existed positive correlation in total nitrogen, tree age and height. Therefore, soil nutrients increased with the increase of cutting time. The E. robusta forest had higher organic matter and nitrogen content, but the C. equisetifolia and A. auriculiformis forests had higher phosphorus content, while the secondary mixed forest had higher potassium content.

关 键 词：森林类型 植被特征 土壤养分 滨海台地 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]