利用红外相机调查四川马边大风顶国家级自然保护区兽类资源及时空分布特征  

Biodiversity and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Mammals in the Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve Using Camera Traps

作　　者：付励强 白文科[2,3] 郭桢杉 黄耀华 立言伍叶 杨彪 侯金[2] 董鑫 张晋东[2] 周材权[2,3] FU Liqiang;BAI Wenke;GUO Zhenshan;HUANG Yaohua;LIYAN Wuye;YANG Biao;HOU Jin;DONG Xin;ZHANG Jindong;ZHOU Caiquan(Sichuan Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve Administrative Bureau,Leshan,Sichuan Province 614600,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan Province 637002,China;Institute of Ecology,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan Province 637002,China)

机构地区：[1]四川马边大风顶国家级自然保护区管理局,四川乐山614600 [2]西南野生动物资源保护教育部重点实验室,西华师范大学,四川南充637002 [3]西华师范大学生态研究院,四川南充637002

出　　处：《四川动物》2020年第4期442-452,共11页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572293,41571517);四川马边大风顶国家级自然保护区2016年禁止开发区补助资金项目;四川马边大风顶国家级自然保护区管理政策对大熊猫栖息地恢复成效评价项目;疑似分布在四川马边大风顶国家级自然保护区珍稀野生动物调查采购项目;西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(XNYB12-2);西华师范大学英才基金项目(17YC358);西华师范大学博士科研启动项目(17E073,17E074)。

摘　　要：为了调查四川马边大风顶国家级自然保护区的兽类多样性及时空分布特征,2016年10月-2017年10月,在保护区永红、高卓营、白家湾、沙腔4个保护站片区布设了79台红外相机,对研究区域内兽类资源进行了连续监测,记录到兽类5目16科25种,其中物种相对丰富度前10的兽类分别是小熊猫Ailurus fulgens、藏酋猴Macaca thibetana、毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus、猪獾Arctonyx collaris、黄喉貂Martes flavigula、中国豪猪Hystrix hodgsoni、野猪Sus scrofa、大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca、中华鬣羚Capricornis milneedwardsii和豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis。在时间节律上,小熊猫和大熊猫在秋、冬季活动更频繁且昼夜都在活动,但以白天活动为主;藏酋猴在秋季和夏季有2个活动高峰期且是典型的昼行型动物,而中国豪猪和豹猫在春季活动相对频繁且都是典型的夜行型动物。在空间分布上,藏酋猴分布范围最大,其次是黄喉貂和小熊猫;不同季节,这10种兽类在各个海拔梯度上的多样性分布差异有统计学意义,呈现出垂直迁徙特征。根据红外相机数据反映出的兽类时空分布特征,可以针对保护区珍稀濒危兽类开展更加全面细致的研究,为保护区开展相关保护管理工作提供科学参考。To investigate the diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of mammals in the Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, 79 infrared cameras were installed in Yonghong, Gaozhuoying, Baijiawan, Shaqiang protection sites from October 2016 to October 2017. A total of 25 mammal species(belonging to 5 orders and 16 families) were recorded, and Ailurus fulgens, Macaca thibetana, Elaphodus cephalophus, Arctonyx collaris, Martes flavigula, Hystrix hodgsoni, Sus scrofa, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Capricornis milneedwardsii and Prionailurus bengalensis were the top 10 abundant species as measured by the relative abundance index rank. Additionally, Ailurus fulgens and Ailuropoda melanoleuca showed higher activity frequency in autumn and winter, acting mainly in daytime. Macaca thibetana, a typical diurnal animal, had 2 seasonal activity peaks(in autumn and summer). By contrast, H. hodgsoni and P. bengalensis, the 2 typical nocturnal animals, showed relatively higher activity frequency in spring. In terms of distribution patterns, Macaca thibetana had the largest altitudinal range, followed by Ailurus fulgens and Martes flavigula. Furthermore, the diversity and distribution of the 10 abundant mammal species were significantly divergent across multiple altitudinal gradients in different seasons, indicating the characteristics of vertical migration. Based on the spatio-temporal characteristics of mammals’ distribution, we suggest that more comprehensive and meticulous researches should be further conducted to offer scientific support and reference for making protection policies of the reserve.

关 键 词：马边大风顶国家级自然保护区 红外相机 时空分布 相对丰富度 兽类多样性 

分 类 号：Q958.5[生物学—动物学]