四川黑竹沟国家级自然保护区的鸟类多样性  

Bird Diversity in the Heizhugou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

作　　者：张塔星 陈雪 李东睿 严勇[1,2] 冉江洪[1,2] 毛夜明 马晓龙 周勇军 ZHANG Taxing;CHEN Xue;LI Dongrui;YAN Yong;RAN Jianghong;MAO Yeming;MA Xiaolong;ZHOU Yongjun(Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Sichuan Heizhugou National Nature Reserve Administration,Ebian,Sichuan Province 614300,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,成都610065 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,四川省濒危野生动物保护重点实验室,成都610065 [3]四川黑竹沟国家级自然保护区管理局,四川峨边614300

出　　处：《四川动物》2020年第4期453-464,共12页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：四川峨边黑竹沟国家级自然保护区脊椎动物多样性调查项目。

摘　　要：鸟类多样性是区域生物多样性价值和保护管理成效评价的重要指标。2015-2019年利用样线法和样点法对四川黑竹沟国家级自然保护区的鸟类多样性进行调查,结合红外相机数据和文献资料,统计出保护区鸟类16目54科286种。其中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生鸟类3种、国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生鸟类21种。世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录列为濒危的1种、易危3种、近危2种;划分的5类生境(常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、亚高山针叶林和亚高山灌丛或草甸)中,鸟类多样性最高的是常绿阔叶林,其次是常绿落叶阔叶混交林,最低的是亚高山灌丛或草甸。群落组成相似性结果显示,针阔混交林与亚高山针叶林中的鸟类群落相似性最高;鸟类多样性的垂直分布格局呈中峰模式,峰值出现在海拔1 600~2 400 m。建议保护区加强对珍稀鸟类和迁徙鸟类的调查监测力度,增加对重点生境的巡护,加强在保护区周边乡镇的宣传力度,提高当地居民的生态保护意识。Bird diversity is an important index for the evaluation of regional biodiversity value and conservation management effectiveness. From 2015 to 2019, the bird diversity of the Heizhugou National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province was surveyed by using the sample line method and sample point method. Combined the infrared camera data and historical documents of the reserve, 286 bird species belonging to 54 families and 16 orders were obtained. There were 3 class Ⅰ and 21 class Ⅱ nationally key protected birds, and 1 Endangered, 3 Vulnerable and 2 Near Threatened species as classified by the IUCN Red List. The habitats in the study area were divided into 5 categories, including evergreen broadleaved forest, evergreen deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, coniferous broadleaved mixed forest, subalpine coniferous forest and subalpine shrub or meadow. The highest bird diversity was detected in the evergreen broadleaved forest, followed by evergreen deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, the lowest was detected in subalpine shrub or meadow habitat. In terms of the similarity of community composition, the similarity of bird community in coniferous broadleaved mixed forest and subalpine coniferous forest was found to be the highest;the vertical distribution pattern of bird diversity showed a medium peak pattern, and the peak value appeared in 1 600-2 400 m. It is suggested that the reserve should enhance the investigation and monitoring of rare birds and migrant birds, increase the patrol of key habitats, strengthen the publicity of towns around the reserve, and improve the ecological protection awareness of local residents.

关 键 词：黑竹沟国家级自然保护区 鸟类 物种名录 区系 生境类型 生物多样性保护 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]