嘴突凸脐蠕孢菌作为微生物除草剂的潜力研究  

Study on the potential of Exserohilum rostratum as a microbial herbicide

作　　者：俞雯雯 袁炳钦 冯汝晴 郑镇桂 刘灵锐 陈勇[1] YU Wenwen;YUAN Bingqin;FENG Ruqing;ZHENG Zhengui;LIU Lingrui;CHEN Yong(Weed Research Laboratory of Agricultural College,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院杂草研究实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2020年第4期613-620,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201300);国家自然科学基金项目(31672039)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究旨在探究嘴突凸脐蠕孢菌(Exserohilum rostratum)的生物学特性及其孢子悬浮液与常用农药混配后孢子萌发特性,为该菌株的生产和应用开发奠定基础。[方法]以菌株Y9511为试验材料,通过配制完全培养基及缺少碳源、氮源、磷、硫、钾、铁、镁等元素的培养基,用葡萄糖、麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉、α-乳糖分别更换完全培养基的碳源蔗糖,用Ca(NO3)2、(NH4)2SO4、大豆蛋白胨分别更换完全培养基的氮源NH4NO3,探究培养基对Y9511的菌丝生长及产孢量的影响。在5~40℃、24 h光照/24 h黑暗、pH3~9的培养条件下探究Y9511的产孢量及孢子萌发率。Y9511与丙草胺、恶唑酰草胺、氰氟草酯、莠灭净、春雷霉素、苯甲嘧菌酯、多菌灵、苯甲丙环唑等8种农药分别混配,探究Y9511和不同农药混配后的孢子萌发率。[结果]菌株Y9511生长需要碳、磷、硫3种元素,Y9511生长受到氮、铁的抑制,微量元素铜和锌抑制Y9511的生长。缺钾和缺铜的培养基上Y9511基本不产孢,缺硫和缺锌的培养基产孢量较完全培养基高,为3.76×10^6 mL^-1;5种碳源中,以蔗糖为碳源的培养基产孢量最大,为1.47×10^6 mL^-1,4种氮源中,NH4NO3为氮源的培养基产孢量最大,为1.47×10^6 mL^-1;Y9511在低于15℃和高于35℃的条件下产孢受到抑制,32℃时产孢量达到最大值,为8.15×10^6 mL^-1;pH值低于3.02和高于9.50时,产孢量较低,pH值为6.24时,产孢量达到最大值,为2.77×10^6 mL^-1。30℃时孢子萌发率最高,达98.5%;pH值为6.24时,孢子萌发率达到最大值,为85.8%。8种农药对孢子萌发均具有抑制作用,抑制率为5.0%~89.4%。Y9511与供试农药氰氟草酯的相容性最好,3种处理浓度下抑制率最高仅为7%;其次是多菌灵,3种浓度下抑制率为7.8%~19.5%;相容性最差的是苯甲嘧菌酯,其抑制率为25.1%~85.4%。[结论]嘴突凸脐蠕孢菌生长的最适温度为32℃,pH值为6,钾和锌为菌株培养的必需元素,最[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal culture conditions of Exserohilum rostratum Y9511 and the spore germination of the E.rostratum combination with agricultural chemicals.[Methods]Strain Y9511 was used as experimental material,and the complete medium and the medium lacking carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,sulfur,potassium,iron and magnesium were prepared.To explore the effect of the carbon source and nitrogen source on the mycelial growth and sporulation of the strain,we used the glucose,maltose,soluble starch andα-lactose to replace carbon source of the complete culture medium and used the Ca(NO3)2,(NH4)2SO4,soybean peptone to replace nitrogen source of the complete culture medium,respectively.The sporulation and spore germination rate of the strain were explored under the conditions of 5-40℃,24 h light/24 h dark and pH3-9,respectively.To explore the spore germination rate of the strain,we mixed strains with eight pesticides,such as propionamide,oxazolyl oxalamide,cyanofluoroacetate,atrazine,chunleimycin,benazoxystrobin,carbendazim and benzopropionazole,respectively.[Results]The growth of the strain needed three elements:C,P and S,inhibited by N,Fe and trace elements copper,zinc.The spore production of the strain on the medium lacking K and Cu was basically non-sporulation,and the spore production of the medium lacking S and Zn was higher than that of the complete medium,which was 3.76×10^6 mL^-1.Among the five carbon sources,the spore production of the medium using sucrose as the carbon source was the largest,which was 1.47×10^6 mL^-1.Among the four nitrogen sources,NH4NO3 as the nitrogen source produced the largest amount of spores,which was 1.47×10^6 mL^-1.The strain Y9511 was inhibited under the conditions of less than 15℃and above 35℃,and the spore production reached the maximum value 8.15×10^6 mL^-1 at 32℃.When the pH was lower than 3.02 and higher than 9.50,the sporulation amount was lower,and when the pH value was 6.24,the sporulation amount reached the maximum value o

关 键 词：嘴突凸脐蠕孢菌 最佳培养条件 产孢量 孢子萌发 农药相容性 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]