不同轮作模式下优化施肥对水稻产量及磷素积累与分配的影响  

Effects of optimized fertilization on rice yield and accumulation and distribution of phosphorus under different rotation systems

作　　者：孙博 李帅帅 周毅[2] 张莹 陈健 刘田 郭俊杰[1] 凌宁[1] 郭世伟[1] SUN Bo;LI Shuaishuai;ZHOU Yi;ZHANG Ying;CHEN Jian;LIU Tian;GUO Junjie;LING Ning;GUO Shiwei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,China;Jiangsu Soil and Fertilizer Station,Nanjing 210036,China;Institute of Agricultural Science Research Rugao County,Nantong 226575,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化研究重点实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]安徽科技学院资源与环境科学学院,安徽凤阳233100 [3]江苏省土肥站,江苏南京210036 [4]如皋市农业科学研究所,江苏南通226575

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2020年第4期658-666,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200200,2018YFD0200500);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(16)1001]。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在研究不同水旱轮作模式对当季水稻产量、磷肥利用率以及耕层土壤磷库组成的影响。[方法]设置水稻-小麦(RW)、水稻-油菜(RO)、水稻-冬闲田(RF)和水稻-结球甘蓝(RC)4种水旱轮作模式,每种轮作模式设置不施肥处理(CK)、优化施肥处理(OPT)以及农民习惯施肥处理(FFP)3种施肥处理的田间小区试验。于成熟期分析水稻产量、水稻磷素吸收与分配以及磷肥利用率,并采用Tiessen-P分级法,分析耕层土壤各形态磷库的变化特性。[结果]OPT和FFP处理RO轮作模式的水稻产量分别为9.98和10.1 t·hm^-2,磷素累积量分别为0.97和1.06 g·kg^-1,磷农学利用率分别为55.0和31.5 kg·kg^-1,磷偏生产力分别为166.0和86.4 kg·kg^-1,且相对高于其他3种轮作模式。OPT处理4种轮作模式的磷农学利用率和磷肥偏生产力分别比FFP处理平均提高91.0%和91.6%。OPT处理RW模式的NaHCO3-Pi含量,RO模式的NaOH-Pi含量以及RC模式的Resin-P和HCl-P含量最高,分别为31.4、35.4、14.0和425 kg·kg^-1;而FFP处理RW模式的Residues-P,RO模式的NaOH-Pi、NaHCO3-Po和NaOH-Po含量以及RC模式的HCl-P含量均较高,分别为556、40.9、28.6、24.4和451 kg·kg^-1。[结论]轮作模式和施肥管理是影响水稻生产的2个因素。采用优化施肥方式同时选择水稻-油菜和水稻-小麦轮作模式更有利于水稻生产,可在减少磷肥施用的基础上既保证水稻获得稳产,又有利于提高土壤磷组分的含量以及调节土壤磷库活性,促进水稻植株对磷素的吸收利用,提升磷肥利用率,最终实现水旱轮作模式水稻的高产高效。[Objectives]This study investigated the effects of different paddy-upland crop rotation systems on rice yield,phosphorus utilization rate and phosphorus composition in topsoil.[Methods]4 rice field-upland field rotations:rice-wheat(RW),rice-oilseed rape(RO),rice-fallow(RF)and rice-common head cabbage(RC)were conducted and each applied with 3 fertilization regimes:no fertilization(CK),optimal phosphorus fertilizer input(OPT)and farmer’s fertilizer input(FFP).The rice yield,phosphorus uptake and distribution,and phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency were analyzed at maturity stage.Based on the method of Tiessen-phosphorus fractionation,the changes of phosphorus content in tillage soil were evaluated.[Results]For OPT and FFP,the rice yields were 9.98 and 10.1 t·hm^-2,phosphorus accumulations were 0.97 and 1.06 g·kg^-1,phosphorus agronomic efficiencies were 55.0 and 31.5 kg·kg^-1,phosphorus partial factor productivities were 166.0 and 86.4 kg·kg^-1in RO system respectively,which were higher than the other rotation modes.In OPT treatment,the average phosphorus utilization rate and average phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity of 4 rotation modes increased by 91.0%and 91.6%,compared with FFP treatment.The NaHCO3-Pi,NaOH-Pi,resin-P and HCl-P contents were higher in RW,RO,RV and RC,which were 31.4,35.4,14.0 and 425 kg·kg^-1,respectively.Under the FFP condition,Residues-P content in RW rotation,NaOH-Pi,NaHCO3-Po,NaOH-Po contents in RO rotation and HCl-P content in RC rotation were more than the other rotation treatments,which were 556,40.9,28.6,24.4 and 451 kg·kg^-1,respectively.[Conclusions]Both rotation systems and fertilization treatments affect rice production.It is more favorable for rice production to choose the rotation pattern of rice-oilseed rape and rice-wheat with optimized fertilization.RO and RW rotations can increase the relative proportion of available phosphorus and improve the utilization rate of rice phosphorus fertilizer in the optimized(reduced fertilizer)and thus ensure the rice production

关 键 词：水稻 水旱轮作 产量 磷肥利用率 Tiessen-P分级 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]